tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-59561582116272845132024-03-21T00:53:12.347-04:00The-Data-GuyMaking data work.<br>
Data Management commentaries.Doug Needhamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00331842910471743913noreply@blogger.comBlogger101125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956158211627284513.post-11952621708503338562021-09-15T11:55:00.000-04:002021-09-15T11:55:15.177-04:00What is an Enrichment Platform? <h1 style="text-align: center;">An Enrichment Platform: </h1><h1 style="text-align: center;">The place for Knowledge workers. </h1><div>In my book the Enrichment Game, available from Technics Publications, I write about the players, processes, tools and techniques to create an Enrichment Platform for knowledge workers to create data products. </div><div><br /></div><div>The book is available from <a href="https://technicspub.com/enrichment/">Technics Publications</a></div><div><br /></div><div>While I wrote about what an Enrichment Platform could do, I never properly defined what an Enrichment Platform actually is. </div><div><br /></div><div>An Enrichment Platform will be different things to meet different needs. However, the essence of an Enrichment Platform will always be consistent. </div><div><br /></div><div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Separate your operational data from your analytical and reporting data. </li><li>Provide for easily accessible tools to create reports that are not created by application developers. </li><li>Knowledge workers like Data Scientists have the tools they are familiar with to create new data products. </li><li>Data Operations are managing the flow of data throughout the organization. </li><li>Data Governance rules define how and where data is used. </li></ul></div><div><br /></div><div>An Enrichment Platform looks like this: </div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTyNNJVbrk8lWkMwfdIIm7tdiNZFPgLS_sEW4hGLVS9_Fc_EjdMi3l_YTWhYzjKjMSS3HWyKaWhOZVgh2mPnD0by3kiJqi7Wk_RSK_iZDtAI9hGziGOGfU5XvpYPXwzJIsCyWmvvs-/s960/Enrichment+Platform.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="An Enrichment Platform" border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="960" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTyNNJVbrk8lWkMwfdIIm7tdiNZFPgLS_sEW4hGLVS9_Fc_EjdMi3l_YTWhYzjKjMSS3HWyKaWhOZVgh2mPnD0by3kiJqi7Wk_RSK_iZDtAI9hGziGOGfU5XvpYPXwzJIsCyWmvvs-/w400-h300/Enrichment+Platform.png" title="An Enrichment Platform" width="400" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div>The Value proposition of the Enrichment Platform consists of: <div><br /></div><div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Focusing Application Developers on creating, maintaining, or updating existing products. </li><li>Focusing Data Flows through a common organization. </li><li>Focuses Data Scientists to be able to work with high quality data. </li><li>Increasing Innovation, and reducing the time to new data products. </li></ul></div><div><br /></div><div>This focus gives your organization the ability to adapt to change while having a stable, reliable, and repeatable environment for the knowledge workers to be able to make your organization more innovative. </div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div></div></div>Doug Needhamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15085213835430484008noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956158211627284513.post-41479912469804936772021-02-23T21:23:00.000-05:002021-02-23T21:23:07.043-05:00Visualizing tasks in Snowflake. <p> I have created a number of tasks in snowflake that are have a various dependencies. </p><p><br /></p><p>I wanted a simple way to document these tasks, and the graph nature of how they run. </p><p><br /></p><p>Using a few simple queries, you can feed the output of the show tasks command into another query, and that query can be used to format the output to feed it into a tool called <a href="https://graphviz.org/">graphviz</a>. </p><p>Graphviz has a very simple notation for creating sophisticated images of different types of graphs. </p><p>In this case we will use a the digraph option for a dot file to create a simple image. </p><p>The dot notation is very simple especially when visualizing hierarchical graphs. </p><p><br /></p><p>Create a file in your favorite editor (notepad++) with this syntax: </p><p><br /></p><p>digraph G { </p><p>} </p><p><br /></p><p>Run the following queries: </p><p>show tasks;</p><div style="text-align: left;">with task_table as ( <br />select split_part("predecessors", '.', 3) as parent,"name" as child from (select * from table(result_scan(last_query_id(-1))))<br />)<br />select parent||'->'||child||';' from task_table where parent is not null;<br /></div><p>The output from this command you can copy from the worksheet editor and paste between the brackets of your dot file so that the dot file will now look like this: </p><p> digraph G {<br />TASKD->TASKE;<br />TASKB->TASKC;<br />TASKA->TASKB;<br />TASKA->TASKI;<br />TASKC->TASKL;<br />TASKA->TASKM;<br />TASKG->TASKH;<br />TASKA->TASKN;<br />TASKH->TASKJ;<br />TASKI->TASKK;<br />TASKA->TASKD;<br />TASKE->TASKF;<br />TASKJ->TASKO;<br />TASKK->TASKP;<br />}</p><p> </p><p>Save your file as something meaningful like Blog_demo.dot </p><p></p><p>So long as you have graphviz installed correctly, once you save the file you can convert the .dot file to a png you can use for documentation like this: </p><p>dot -Tpng Blog_demo.dot > blog_demo.png</p><p> </p><p>And here is my anonymized graph visualization. </p><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimh8HNoDSwznRG0-Hn1s3t0jNY8R44r-6WS-HWKJ2RnXH-Qde3H59yBMIFmOM-csTCtTFRSAp4wMoI95OCbVU1J6RYLVkzQNLBi302FV8CZ0TDBsRlhyHqjcRHRfDUwXCnAIfHVeo1/s779/blog_demo.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="347" data-original-width="779" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimh8HNoDSwznRG0-Hn1s3t0jNY8R44r-6WS-HWKJ2RnXH-Qde3H59yBMIFmOM-csTCtTFRSAp4wMoI95OCbVU1J6RYLVkzQNLBi302FV8CZ0TDBsRlhyHqjcRHRfDUwXCnAIfHVeo1/s320/blog_demo.png" width="320" /></a></div><p></p><p></p><p>Graphviz is a powerful tool for visualization, it is not so much a graph analysis tool like gephi, but it is quite sufficient for documentation, and sharing images that represent the graphs we work with every day. </p><p></p><p><br />. <br /></p><p> <br /></p><p> <br /></p><p><br /></p>Doug Needhamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15085213835430484008noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956158211627284513.post-44039489845268778242021-02-07T22:57:00.001-05:002021-02-08T08:42:08.217-05:00Wordcloud your resume<p></p><p></p><h1 style="text-align: left;">Word Cloud your resume.</h1><p> I am working with more text now than I normally do, and I had an idea for helping people get noticed on <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/dougneedham/">LinkedIN. </a>Word Cloud your resume. </p><p></p><p> Getting noticed on LinkedIN is largely a matter of timing, luck, and who you know. I make no claim that creating an image out of the words that make up your resume will guarantee to get you noticed, but humans tend to be more visual creatures.</p><p>Popping up an image that summarizes your expertise cannot hurt, and there is a possibility that going through this process you may learn something about how to express yourself. </p><p> I create an R notebook located at: <a href="https://github.com/dougneedham/WCYR">https://github.com/dougneedham/WCYR</a></p><p>This is a simple R notebook that anyone can download and run with the latest version of RStudio. </p><h4 style="text-align: left;">The notebook walkthrough. </h4><p style="text-align: left;">For this section, you should download the R code and follow along. <br /></p><p>There are a few packages we need to load first. </p><p>These are the packages for reading word documents, text processing, creating a wordcloud, and letting wordcloud choose various colors. </p><p></p><p>The first Cell reads in a resume document. In this case, this is my most recent resume. </p><p> Using the readtext package reads a word document, then puts all of the text into the variable named text for the result. </p><p>Passing this variable to the original wordcloud package and specifying we want to only display words with a minimum frequency of 2 we get a basic wordcloud image that could be used. However, I want to create something a little more colorful. </p><p>In order to use the wordcloud2 package, the data must be munged a bit into a data frame that lists the words and their frequency rather than just a raw bag of words. </p><p>Using the Corpus function from the tm package gives us just what we are looking for. </p><p>In the next couple of steps we want to lower case all of our words, then remove the standard stopwords from the list of words we are displaying. </p><p>Based on some early displays, I found a few words that kept showing up, so I added them to the standard stopword list to keep them from showing up in our display. </p><p>Now that we have a TermDocumentMatrix we convert that to a standard matrix, then do a summary of the words for some metrics. </p><p>Finally we create a data frame that the wordcloud2 package is expecting. A list of words along with their frequencies. </p><p>Now we run the actual wordcloud command with some color and shape options. I chose the Star shape since I am from Texas. </p><p>Displaying a wordcloud on my RStudio screen is cool, but I need a file to attach to postings. The HTMLWidgets and webshot packages allow me to create files based on web pages.Since the wordcloud2 package actually creates an interactive wordcloud that you can hover over, and actually get counts associated with each word we will need to do a few transforms in order to get a proper image out of it. </p><p>In the final cell of the notebook, we save the wordcloud as an image to be manipulated. Then using that image we create an HTML file that can be referenced for later. And finally the webshot function saves the generated HTML as a PNG for attaching to posts, or emailing to your friends. :) </p><p> </p><p>This is an interesting way of enriching your resume, don't you think? </p><p> </p><p>If you want to give this a go, please reach out and let me know if you have any trouble. </p><p> <br /></p><p></p><p> </p><p>Code found at <a href="https://github.com/dougneedham/WCYR">github </a></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMr3wof_V5a7m7Zrry6vpbRCL16zkXwOa2ksx3S4oJxypIS_rXKOdqRbozubcsWEAI5ZyiIryntjDaUp1W15KkezSsisU2Z1LjpC2ywp3V-ziILRrXozwFHF6T0_o_wrmEnROA7Fs0/s1920/dougneedham.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="982" data-original-width="1920" height="328" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMr3wof_V5a7m7Zrry6vpbRCL16zkXwOa2ksx3S4oJxypIS_rXKOdqRbozubcsWEAI5ZyiIryntjDaUp1W15KkezSsisU2Z1LjpC2ywp3V-ziILRrXozwFHF6T0_o_wrmEnROA7Fs0/w640-h328/dougneedham.png" width="640" /></a></div><p> </p><p> <br /></p><p> </p><p> </p><p> <br /></p>Doug Needhamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15085213835430484008noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956158211627284513.post-41893163891180598752020-12-22T19:17:00.003-05:002020-12-22T19:17:30.758-05:00JSON in Snowflake<p> Snowflake is an amazing database. It has auto-scaling capabilities, the ability to separate workloads, and automatically recover data using its time-travel capabilities. </p><p>However, one of the most amazing things that I like about Snowflake is its ability to directly query JSON data stored in a variant column <a href="https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/json-basics-tutorial-query.html">Query JSON Data</a> </p><p>Combine this with some other tools like Kakfa and <a href="https://debezium.io/">Dbezium </a>and you have some very rapid prototyping capabilities for doing analysis of your application database. </p><p> Dbezium monitors the transaction logs of your application database, and publishes change events to Kafka. </p><p>Using the Snowflake Kafka <a href="https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/kafka-connector.html">Connector</a>, you can capture these events and store the data in what would otherwise be called staging tables. </p><p>The Kafka Connector stores the data as JSON, but Snowflake's ability to query JSON data is simple enough that any SQL developer can extract the pertinent data from the JSON Structure. </p><p>An example from their documentation is: <br /></p><pre><span class="ni">SELECT</span> <span class="gi">src</span><span class="na">:device_type</span>
<span class="ni">FROM</span> <span class="gi">raw_source</span></pre><div style="text-align: left;">The src column of the raw_source table is where the JSON is stored. Once you know the JSON structure you want to query the :COLUMNAME is all that is needed to query the data from the variant column where the JSON data is stored. </div><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><div style="text-align: left;">For more complicated JSON structures you may need to use some of the <a href="https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/json-basics-tutorial-flatten.html">flattening </a>technique in order to get all of the data from the JSON structure. </div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">With tools like this rapid prototyping is a breeze, the more complicated ETL jobs may not be necessary if the goal is to rapidly create a dimensional data model from your source application, then expose that data model with your favorite reporting tool (like <a href="https://www.tableau.com/">Tableau</a>) </div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Combining data from multiple sources using this technique is also very straightforward so long as there are common keys in the systems that relates the data together. </div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">This allows architects to rapidly play The Enrichment Game, by combining data from multiple sources, rationalizing the data, enriching one application with the data of another, then expose that data through a reporting tool. </div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">There are a number of problems I had to solve in different ways without having this capability. Using this particular combination of tools to rapidly create reports and respond to business needs drives more conversations about using Data to solve problems. </div><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><div style="text-align: left;">These conversations are much more valuable rather than the conversations about how complicated a Data Ecosystem is, and the need to either write more Data <a href="http://bit.ly/ETLorMunge">Munging </a>code in order to get data migrated from one system to another. </div><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><div style="text-align: left;"> <br /></div>Doug Needhamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15085213835430484008noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956158211627284513.post-75913914000286786852020-06-21T09:58:00.000-04:002020-06-21T09:58:20.377-04:00No Response? <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h2>
Does No Response mean: Yes, No, or Piss off? </h2>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
I am an old guy. I know this means I have certain expectations for the way things should be done. Please and Thank you never go out of style. Sorry is a sign of weakness, but if you make a mistake or miscommunication you should acknowledge that. </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
One of the earliest lessons in protocol I learned in Marine Corps boot camp. Our platoon was waiting on something (which is a good portion of what boot camp is all about learning to be prepared for your next set of instructions.) Our Drill Instructor told us to watch something. </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
There were a group of officers some distance away waiting for their next set of instructions, and a lone recruit was walking towards them. </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
The recruit stopped, saluted,and requested permission to walk by. </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Every officer in the group of about 8 returned the salute. </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
The Drill Instructor then got our attention and in words I don't quite recall said something to this affect. </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
The Salute is a sacred duty. Every Marine has to salute superior officers. But here is the duty behind the salute. Every officer must acknowledge and return the salute. </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
The lowliest Private can Salute the commandant of the Marine Corps, the Commandant will return the Salute. It is an acknowledgement of our shared duty and heritage as Marines. </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
This may be a touching story, but what does this have to do with anything? </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
For those who are a Director, Vice President, or C-level executive, if one of your people in your reporting structure communicates something to you. You should at the very least acknowledge the communication. </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Something as simple as, "I have received your message, I need to think about it.", a thumbs up on Slack, or even a simple OK is better than nothing. </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Communication goes both ways. </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
We are flooded with communication today. Slack, Teams, email, Text, alerts, etc. </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Many of these are automated and do not stop until they are acknowledged. </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Should we not have enough professionalism to at least give a little: <img alt="" src="data:image/png;base64,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" /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
</div>
Doug Needhamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15085213835430484008noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956158211627284513.post-53067202740400968062020-06-17T06:46:00.000-04:002020-06-17T06:46:18.848-04:00Poor Planning <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h2 style="text-align: center;">
Poor Planning on your part does not constitute an Emergency on my part. </h2>
<h2 style="text-align: center;">
(Except when it does.)</h2>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: right;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQPm9ByoVXypP2WfmkbN7RAe7H4zthw4yGxWe1rdeanNvTb3iIP6TyxwyZlMrXebY9W-4kJD66VnFVIVE01kNRWGrVBypnu5x-JCCCj8FpYG4EqKpokrOV3CsOW5TBS4cQQu4Gq7AM/s1600/Planning.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; text-align: left;"><img border="0" data-original-height="308" data-original-width="400" height="246" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQPm9ByoVXypP2WfmkbN7RAe7H4zthw4yGxWe1rdeanNvTb3iIP6TyxwyZlMrXebY9W-4kJD66VnFVIVE01kNRWGrVBypnu5x-JCCCj8FpYG4EqKpokrOV3CsOW5TBS4cQQu4Gq7AM/s320/Planning.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div>
Recently I was involved in a major hardware failure at work.<br />
<br />
There had been indications our disk storage was under duress for quite some time. It had been in my status reports for months, I finally quit reporting on it since none of our leadership team even acknowledged the concern.<br />
<br />
They would say, yeah we know we need to do something there. Or even better: Your predecessor complained about that as well. </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Over a long weekend involving most of my team, teams from other groups, vendors from infrastructure support and hardware vendors we fought for our customers not management.<br />
<br />
War room calls were set up to run around the clock with people stepping in and out of the meeting we finally were able to get things ironed out. </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
But at what cost? </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
To proactively take care of this issue would have required potentially spending a bit of money up front to either get new infrastructure or upgrade it.<br />
<br />
However to be down for the amount of time that we were down we broke faith with our customers.<br />
<br />
I don't know the long term impacts of that on our organization. </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
In cases like this it is never a good idea to say "I told you so."<br />
<br />
A current joke going around says: "At the start of every disaster movie there's a scientist being ignored"<br />
<br />
When you are in the middle of a disaster even if you were the one that could have prevented it, the only thing that you can do is to work hard on the recovery.<br />
<br />
There is a tendency to shoot the messenger when dealing with issues, but that should be the last thing on anyones mind. The messenger is the one who knew about the problem the longest. Usually they are the person that has been kept up at night stressing over what to do.<br />
<br />
The messenger probably has the most ideas about how to solve the problem.<br />
<br />
Knee-jerk reactions do not create long term solutions. Careful design, planning, testing, and proactively building in resiliency and stability create long term solutions.<br />
<br />
None of these are cheap, but as the saying goes: "Pay me now, or pay me later."<br />
<br />
Proactive "pay me now" situations appear to be expensive.<br />
<br />
Reactive "pay me later" situations make the proactive look like nickels and dimes.<br />
<br />
When you are getting warnings about things that need to be addressed, don't ignore them. If you are the ones giving the warnings, don't give up.<br />
<br />
Keep warning.<br />
<br />
Keep telling.<br />
<br />
Above all, Keep planning.<br />
<br />
When the disaster strikes, someone has to be the voice of reason.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
</div>
Doug Needhamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15085213835430484008noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956158211627284513.post-66959591052519745092020-06-12T07:03:00.000-04:002020-06-12T07:03:23.676-04:00Question The Answers. <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Some time ago I wrote an entry on the difference between Data Science and Business Intelligence: <a href="https://bit.ly/DataSciencevsBusinessIntelligence">https://bit.ly/DataSciencevsBusinessIntelligence</a><br />
<br />
I recently came across this quote:<br />
<br />
“<em>Advances are made by answering questions. Discoveries are made by questioning answers</em>” —<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Haisch" target="_blank">Bernard Haisch</a>.<br />
<br />
I think there is a relationship between this quote and that previous post.<br />
<br />
In essence what I was attempting to say was that Business Intelligence is generally a process that your data flows through that enriches application Data and prepares it such that it can be used to answer questions. These questions may be simple:<br />
<br />
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li>How many widgets did this business unit produce last quarter? </li>
<li>How many did that business unit sell last quarter? </li>
<li>Which sales person sold what percentage last quarter? </li>
<li>What is the recurring cost of this Customer? </li>
</ol>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
These are all important questions. However, this same data should be used as part of any predictive effort. If you are using different data for your data science efforts and your business intelligence efforts then as you chart new territory through Data Science, your Business Intelligence platform will assist in showing the value of the Data Science effort. </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
These two sides of a similar coin can and should be complementary. </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Business Intelligence will drive your business forward, Data Science will show you the direction you should go. </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<br />
<br />
<br /></div>
Doug Needhamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15085213835430484008noreply@blogger.com0Cincinnati, OH, USA39.1031182 -84.512019638.906058699999996 -84.8347431 39.3001777 -84.1892961tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956158211627284513.post-77931602379850648672020-05-26T18:12:00.003-04:002020-05-26T18:12:50.030-04:00How to create a mathemaical model<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
One day I was speaking to a friend of mine we were telling stories about some of the previous jobs we had held. He had been a teller at a bank. He asked me how they train tellers to recognize counterfeit money. It's really easy, he said, they never give them counterfeit money to work with. They always work with real bills when they practice counting and such. Then when you get a counterfeit it feels funny.<br />
<br />
I recently recalled this conversation when I was looking for a pattern in some numbers.<br />
As I copied the numbers into excel, I realized the progression kinda looked like a logistic progression with a base of 20. This tiny insight allowed me to do some further searches and find that there is a mathematical model that already represents the data I was looking at: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watts%E2%80%93Strogatz_model" target="_blank">Watts & Strogatz_model</a><br />
<br />
By no means does this make me an expert in this area, but it did drive home for me the value of studying formal mathematical models.<br />
<br />
I think the more that one studies formal models, whether they are in your current domain or not, the more familiar you become with various types of models the better you will be at creating models yourself.<br />
<br />
After all, a mathematical model is a set of rules that describe the behavior of data. Understanding how data behaves in various scenarios will improve your ability to recognize a pattern.<br />
<br />
<br /></div>
Doug Needhamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15085213835430484008noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956158211627284513.post-83353065326461175032019-05-28T16:00:00.004-04:002019-05-28T16:00:52.733-04:00Manifesto for Stable Infrastructure and Data Management<h2 style="text-align: center;">
Our goal should be Stability, not Agility. </h2>
There has been much written about Agile Software Development techniques. Some even say people are overdoing the use of the Agile name (<a href="https://www.infoq.com/presentations/agile-2018">https://www.infoq.com/presentations/agile-2018</a>).<br />
<br />
There is a time and a place for everything. A time for Agile, a time for Stability. Stability is simply the act of making your ecosystem S.T.A.B.L.E. Everyone should want to have achieve a stable environment that is a Scalable Technology Architecture By Layering Everything<br />
<br />
In light of this, I propose the following Manifesto for Stable Infrastructure and Data Management.<br />
<br />
<br />
We are uncovering better ways of growing business operations by doing it and helping others do it.<br />
Through this work we have come to value:<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
Steady over explosive change.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Individual expertise over title or position. </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Shared responsibility over admonishment.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Ecosystem availability over new applications.</div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
We follow these principles:<br />
<br />
Our highest priority is to keep the business working while ensuring that we maintain a foundation of high quality tools and technology.<br />
<br />
The modern business is built around a wide variety of software and applications. <br />
<br />
No one application is more important than the holistic environment. <br />
<br />
Not all applications will be built and maintained by our organization.<br />
<br />
Treating all projects as if they were a software development project diminishes the value of the project itself. <br />
<br />
Projects will come and go, new applications will join our ecosystem, old applications will be shutdown, but the data should be available forever. <br />
<br />
The stability of the Enterprise, and the ability to fulfill the mission is paramount; this takes precedence over new needs. <br />
<br />
Use out of the box tools and applications to drive using data for a different purpose than originally captured in a custom application. <br />
<br />
Business continuity takes precedence over deployment of new applications. <br />
<br />
Adopting new tools and technologies should be done with adequate time, training, and trials such that the original adopters are not the only ones capable of supporting it. <br />
<br />
A minority of technologists are software developers; the Data of the organization is co-equal in importance to any algorithm that may be developed.<br />
<br />
<br />
Doug Needhamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15085213835430484008noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956158211627284513.post-64454081669171924612018-06-12T09:07:00.000-04:002018-07-26T13:14:54.899-04:00Practical Text for the Data Professional. <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:AllowPNG/>
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/>
<w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/>
<w:OverrideTableStyleHps/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="false"
DefSemiHidden="false" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="375">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footer"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of figures"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope return"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="line number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="page number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of authorities"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="macro"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="toa heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Mention"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Smart Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hashtag"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Unresolved Mention"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-right:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:8.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0in;
line-height:107%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
Recently, I have been having conversations about text
analysis. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
Before we get into the details, why would you want to do Text analysis? Do you<br />
<ul>
<li>Collect survey data? </li>
<li>Customer feedback? </li>
<li>Complaint forms? </li>
<li>Market Content? </li>
<li>Solicit feedback through Social platforms?</li>
<li>Perform SEO? </li>
</ul>
These are just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to analyzing the text you deal with every day. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
Text analysis, by itself, can be a little intimidating. So,
I put together a small R notebook using some off the shelf CRAN packages to
parse PDF files, and create some metrics that can be analyzed by Tableau and
Gephi. The PDF files are a collection of books that I have downloaded from various sources over the years. Many of these are the PDF companions of hardback books I have purchased for my own learning of a given topic. Some are PDF conversions of Power Points from presentations I have attended. <br />
<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The R notebook can be found on <a href="http://bit.ly/Practical_Text" target="_blank">RPubs</a>, and the Tableau workbook
can be found on <a href="http://bit.ly/Practical_Text_Tableau" target="_blank">Tableau Public</a>. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Each cell of the R notebook can be a topic in and of itself.
The process I followed for this outline is to</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Simply (emphasis on simply) parse the document </div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Break the document into sections (not chapters)
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Calculate the lexical score for each section </div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Calculate the Sentiment for each section </div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Annotate the text </div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Pull out the most frequently used Nouns,
adjectives, Verbs, and Keyword phrases.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In the notebook I only show a single PDF that I parsed, I
also create a “batch” process to create CSV’s for each of these. In addition to
the csv files I also prepped the data into files that could be loaded into
Gephi for Graph analysis. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The individual CSV files, I loaded into Tableau for some
different visualizations. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjW7RA-51nFCIw9gulLiOeTeD4HD-ZtJAOtXK62XHpgw35mO4XwCW0qFZt1Ev5J0Enf0XHWonCmR1Wtf1v7Kusm0U9YxygnoHAimrVIF1xD5B4KYA0CG0CXWvwGcmRMJldUCcMtAxWB/s1600/Automatic_Keyword_Extraction_Graph.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="1024" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjW7RA-51nFCIw9gulLiOeTeD4HD-ZtJAOtXK62XHpgw35mO4XwCW0qFZt1Ev5J0Enf0XHWonCmR1Wtf1v7Kusm0U9YxygnoHAimrVIF1xD5B4KYA0CG0CXWvwGcmRMJldUCcMtAxWB/s200/Automatic_Keyword_Extraction_Graph.png" width="200" /></a>This is an example graph of the smaller Automatic Keyword Extraction Graph created.<br />
<br />
This shows the relationship between Documents and Sections that have the same keywords.<br />
<br />
If two documents use the same keyword that has been extracted from the raw text, there is a line or edge between the nodes which are the documents and sections.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The code I wrote is stored on my <a href="https://github.com/dougneedham/Practical_Text" target="_blank">Github </a>. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
Any of these features that are generated from the text could also be considered a feature to be used in a Machine Learning application as well depending on your use case for the text analysis.<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I will be writing and speaking in much more detail about
this process in the coming months, I will update this page when I have a link
to where you can get more information. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In the meantime, if you have questions, please comment
below, and I will both answer and incorporate your questions into future work.<br />
<br />
Enjoy!</div>
Doug Needhamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15085213835430484008noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956158211627284513.post-45657249709657797092017-10-22T18:25:00.000-04:002017-10-22T18:25:13.324-04:00That is a Graph Problem!<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container zemanta-img" style="float: right; margin-right: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://commons.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Resilience-figure.004.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: clear:right;"><img alt="English: A 4-node graph for illustrating conce..." border="0" class="zemanta-img-inserted zemanta-img-configured" height="150" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Resilience-figure.004.png/350px-Resilience-figure.004.png" style="border: medium none; font-size: 0.8em;" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption zemanta-img-attribution" style="text-align: center; width: 350px;">English: A 4-node graph for illustrating concepts in transportation geography and network science. (Photo credit: <a href="http://commons.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Resilience-figure.004.png" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a>)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Recently at the <a href="https://datamodelingzone.com/" target="_blank">Data Modeling Zone </a>conference I was asked how to identify a problem as something that should be solved with graph tools. <br />
<br />
The difficulty, I think, for data modelers is that many of us with a relational background tend to think about the relationships of our <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_structure" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Data structure">data structures</a>. <br />
<br />
This table is related to this other table with a one-to-one relationship, or one-to-many, or many-to-one, or even many-to-many relationship. <br />
<br />
There are whole books devoted to discussing how to create <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relational_database" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Relational database">relational data</a> models that support these relationships. <br />
<br />
I wrote a little about <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graph_theory" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Graph theory">Graph</a> fundamentals here: <a href="http://bit.ly/GraphFundamentals">http://bit.ly/GraphFundamentals</a>, but applying these atomic definitions to a real world problem can be a bit of a stretch. <br />
<br />
There are, however, a few words to key in on. <br />
<br />
<b>Path: </b><br />
<br />
What is the path that a customer takes through our store? <br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container zemanta-img" style="float: right; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://commons.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Precedence_graph.svg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: clear:right;"><img alt="English: Precedence graph Based on :Image:Dire..." border="0" class="zemanta-img-inserted zemanta-img-configured" height="180" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Precedence_graph.svg/250px-Precedence_graph.svg.png" style="border: medium none; font-size: 0.8em;" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption zemanta-img-attribution" style="text-align: center; width: 250px;">English: Precedence graph Based on :Image:Directed.svg (Photo credit: <a href="http://commons.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Precedence_graph.svg" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a>)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
This is clearly a graph type problem. It could also be a time-series type problem. If you want to look at an individual you would see one thing. If you take large sampling of your customer base and load that into a network visualization tool like Gephi then you may learn some new things, and gain additional insight into the layout of your store. <br />
<br />
A path is about more than just the relationship between two things. It is about the relationship of many things, and how something (like a customer, or some data ) flows through the graph. <br />
<br />
Learning the optimal path through a set of obstacles would require some iterative <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Path_analysis_%28statistics%29" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Path analysis (statistics)">path analysis</a> work. <br />
<br />
These types of path questions are common in the human resource domain from the perspective of career path. <br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container zemanta-img" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://commons.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SNA_segment.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: clear:right;"><img alt="A segment of a social network" border="0" class="zemanta-img-inserted zemanta-img-configured" height="77" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/SNA_segment.png" style="border: medium none; font-size: 0.8em;" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption zemanta-img-attribution" style="text-align: center; width: 334px;">A segment of a social network (Photo credit: <a href="http://commons.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SNA_segment.png" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a>)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<b>People: </b><br />
<br />
<a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_network_analysis" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Social network analysis">Social Network Analysis</a> is one of the practical applications of graph theory.<br />
<br />
Milgrams experiments are key touch-points that are commonly mentioned trying to understand the degrees of separation of two items. How often do people speak to one another? Does Ann talk to Bob, then speak to Charlie all the time?<br />
<br />
If Ann says something positive about your brand, will Bob and Charlie both like your product?<br />
<br />
If Ann says something negative will your stock price go down?<br />
<br />
Who is talking about your products and who is listening to them?<br />
<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container zemanta-img" style="float: right; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://commons.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SsppExample.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: clear:right;"><img alt="English: Example of the Shared Shortest Path P..." border="0" class="zemanta-img-inserted zemanta-img-configured" height="350" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/SsppExample.jpg/350px-SsppExample.jpg" style="border: medium none; font-size: 0.8em;" width="350" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption zemanta-img-attribution" style="text-align: center; width: 350px;">English: Example of the Shared Shortest Path Problem (Photo credit: <a href="http://commons.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SsppExample.jpg" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a>)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<b>Data Itself: </b><br />
<br />
My thoughts about understanding how <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extract%2C_transform%2C_load" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Extract, transform, load">data movement</a>, and data structures themselves can be thought of as a graph, I have written about previously: <a href="http://bit.ly/DataStructureGraph">http://bit.ly/DataStructureGraph</a><br />
<br />
Some other terms in similar context are <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_lineage" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Data lineage">Data Lineage</a>, and Data Pipeline. <br />
<br />
How does data flow through your organization?<br />
How does it flow into your organization?<br />
<br />
How does it flow out of your organization?<br />
<br />
Once in your organization how many systems does the same data flow into and out of without enrichment?<br />
<br />
Does this data really need to go into those systems?<br />
<br />
<br />
<b>Movement: </b><br />
<br />
How does a thing (Package, Product, Person, or Participant) move that your company interacts with? Rarely does it move from only one place to another. <br />
<br />
Each step in the thing moving from one place to another is part of a path mentioned above. <br />
<br />
You may think that a product moving from a shelf, to a box, then on to a truck for delivery to a customer can all be handled by individual applications. This is entirely possible. the value to doing graph analysis is new insight into existing data. <br />
<br />
<br />
I would never suggest that Graph Analysis or <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_science" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Network science">Network Science</a> is the only way to look at a problem. <br />
I would suggest hat these tools can provide new or unique insight into the problems where businesses are trying to solve problems related to :Paths, people, Data, or Movement. <br />
<br />
After all, <a href="http://bit.ly/DataScienceorBusinessIntelligence" target="_blank">Data Science</a> applies a fresh perspective on our existing world. <br />
<br />
We should all be trying to achieve more with our data. <br />
<br />
Doug Needhamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15085213835430484008noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956158211627284513.post-17464972604555033022017-10-21T10:45:00.001-04:002017-10-21T10:45:16.846-04:00Sentiment Text ETL. <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container zemanta-img" style="float: right; margin-right: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://commons.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Plutchik-wheel.svg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: clear:right;"><img alt="English: Robert Plutchik's Wheel of Emotions" border="0" class="zemanta-img-inserted zemanta-img-configured" height="200" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Plutchik-wheel.svg/350px-Plutchik-wheel.svg.png" style="border: medium none; font-size: 0.8em;" width="196" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption zemanta-img-attribution" style="text-align: center; width: 350px;">English: Robert Plutchik's Wheel of Emotions (Photo credit: <a href="http://commons.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Plutchik-wheel.svg" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a>)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
I attended a presentation by <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Inmon" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Bill Inmon">Bill Inmon</a> where he spoke of the value to various businesses of his product called <a href="http://www.forestrimtech.com/textual-etl" target="_blank">TextualETL</a>. <br />
<br />
There was a question in the audience about trying some of these text techniques ourselves, is there anything he could teach us. <br />
<br />
The answer was less that satisfying to a do it yourself-er like some of us in the audience. <br />
<br />
I have had some reason to do basic <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentiment_analysis" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Sentiment analysis">sentiment analysis</a> at work recently and I was really looking forward to his talk. <br />
<br />
Since the question was raised about how to get started in this area without totally going overboard, I will share some of my experiences. <br />
<br />
I use R and <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="SQL">SQL</a> for the majority of my work, so the sentiment work will be some basic R code. <br />
<br />
If there is some interest, please post a comment, and I will add this to my github for sharing. <br />
<br />
Here is a small sample for doing sentiment:<br />
<br />
<div class="separator zemanta-img" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">library(syuzhet)<br /># Get sentiment on the comments of the source data set <br />sentiment_data <- get_nrc_sentiment(as.character(source_data_frame$Comments))<br /># Transpose rows to columns <br />transposed_sentiment_data<-data.frame(t(sentiment_data))<br /># Summarize the data so we have a single row per sentiment. <br />transposed_sentiment_data_summary <- data.frame(rowSums(td[1:length(transposed_sentiment_data)]))<br /># change the name of the result set <br />names(transposed_sentiment_data_summary)[1] <- "count"<br />transposed_sentiment_data_summary <- cbind("sentiment" = rownames(transposed_sentiment_data_summary), transposed_sentiment_data_summary)<br />rownames(transposed_sentiment_data_summary) <- NULL<br /># only get the emotional data into the subset. <br />subset_sentiment_data<-transposed_sentiment_data_summary[1:8,]<br /># display a quick plot <br />qplot(sentiment, data=subset_sentiment_data, weight=count,fill=sentiment) +ggtitle(plot_title)<br /># display a plot that is just positive or negative data. </span></span><br /><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">qplot(sentiment, data=transposed_sentiment_data_summary[9:10,],weight=count,fill=sentiment)+ggtitle('Positive/Negative')</span></span><br />
<br />
<br />
So long as your source data set has some business key stored in it, this <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frame_%28networking%29" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Frame (networking)">data frame</a> can be written out to a data base (I use snowflake), as a staging table, that is then transformed to a <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fact_table" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Fact table">Fact table</a>. <br />
<br />
I created a small dimension table for sentiment like this:<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Star-schema-example.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="Example of a database star schema. A central f..." border="0" class="zemanta-img-inserted zemanta-img-configured" height="121" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fe/Star-schema-example.png/350px-Star-schema-example.png" style="border: medium none; font-size: 0.8em;" width="200" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">INSERT INTO dim_sentiment VALUES<br />(1,'ANGER'),<br />(2,'ANTICIPATION'),<br />(3,'DISGUST'),<br />(4,'FEAR'),<br />(5,'JOY'),<br />(6,'NEGATIVE'),<br />(7,'POSITIVE'),<br />(8,'SADNESS'),<br />(9,'SURPRISE'),<br />(10,'TRUST');</span></span><br />
<br />
<br />
These are the sentiments available using the <span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">get_nrc_sentiment()</span></span> function from the syuzhet package. <br />
<br />
There are some much more sophisticated techniques that could be done with R and text analysis, but this is just a small taste of what can be done. <br />
<br />
As a suggestion, I could see how doing some <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topic_model" target="_blank">Topic Modeling</a> of your comment data could lead to new dimensions you would want to incorporate into your data warehouse. Another thought is to record the timestamps of comments mad that are transcribed from a customer service call.<br />
<br />
Does the sentiment change over time of the customer that is being helped? You would hope so.<br />
<br />
Which one of your customer service agent consistently has the largest swing from negative to positive?<br />
Don't know the answer to this question?<br />
<br />
Maybe you should think about Text analytics.<br />
<br />
<br />
Translating <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text_corpus" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Text corpus">Textual data</a> into data that can be used in a data warehouse is only one way of leveraging text data, but if you have powerful self service tools like Tableau, Looker, or Microstrategy, having your data in this structure makes it easy for some quick analysis on what people are thinking in the feedback they are giving to you. <br />
<br />
Always, when doing this type of text analysis, ensure that you have some type of business key that associates the voice of this customer to the summation of what they are saying. <br />
<br />
Narrowing down the positive or negative comments can be invaluable for finding the needle in the haystack for the feedback you are interested in.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="zemanta-related" style="clear: both; margin-top: 20px; overflow: hidden;">
<h4 class="zemanta-related-title">
Related articles</h4>
<ul class="zemanta-article-ul zemanta-article-ul-image" style="margin: 0; overflow: hidden; padding: 0;">
<li class="zemanta-article-ul-li-image zemanta-article-ul-li" style="background: none; display: block; float: left; font-size: 11px; list-style: none; margin: 2px 10px 10px 2px; padding: 0; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; width: 84px;"><a href="https://fruition.net/blog/what-facebook-reactions-mean-for-brands/" style="border-radius: 2px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 4px #999; display: block; padding: 2px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><img src="//i.zemanta.com/AVM4ZvfpMX6ojmW64cgp_80_80.jpg" style="border: 0; display: block; margin: 0; max-width: 100%; padding: 0; width: 80px;" /></a><a href="https://fruition.net/blog/what-facebook-reactions-mean-for-brands/" style="background-image: none; display: block; height: 83px; line-height: 12pt; overflow: hidden; padding: 5px 2px 0 2px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">What Facebook Reactions Mean for Brands</a></li>
<li class="zemanta-article-ul-li-image zemanta-article-ul-li" style="background: none; display: block; float: left; font-size: 11px; list-style: none; margin: 2px 10px 10px 2px; padding: 0; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; width: 84px;"><a href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Techcrunch/~3/qbLuX69Xr04/" style="border-radius: 2px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 4px #999; display: block; padding: 2px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><img src="//i.zemanta.com/381071370_80_80.jpg" style="border: 0; display: block; margin: 0; max-width: 100%; padding: 0; width: 80px;" /></a><a href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Techcrunch/~3/qbLuX69Xr04/" style="background-image: none; display: block; height: 83px; line-height: 12pt; overflow: hidden; padding: 5px 2px 0 2px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Data is the name of the game, as Intel Capital puts $60M in 15 startups, $566M in 2017 overall</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
Doug Needhamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15085213835430484008noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956158211627284513.post-24607696835821702312017-09-25T10:00:00.000-04:002017-09-26T08:44:30.996-04:00Equally Incremented Sequential Numbers<!--[if !mso]>
<style>
v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
.shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
</style>
<![endif]--><br />
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:AllowPNG/>
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/>
<w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/>
<w:OverrideTableStyleHps/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="false"
DefSemiHidden="false" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="374">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footer"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of figures"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope return"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="line number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="page number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of authorities"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="macro"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="toa heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Mention"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Smart Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hashtag"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-right:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:8.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0in;
line-height:107%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
I have been studying an interesting pattern of numbers
recently. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
It is related to a comment I have heard said repeatedly by
statisticians, that seems like it should not be true. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The comment is: “If you play the lottery why not just pick
the number 1,2,3,4,5 or 2,3,4,5,6? They are just as likely to show up as any
other number.” </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
However, if they are just as likely to show up why do they
so seldom appear in the random number generator that is the lottery? </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Let us see if we can determine why this is the case. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
But first we must create some narrow definitions, and a
formula. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The above sequence fits the definition of five consecutive
numbers equally incremented by some number. In this case the number one. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
When
defining the odds for winning the lottery the total number of possibilities is
referenced. Your odds of winning are 1/(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binomial_coefficient" target="_blank">N choose K</a>). The number you have chosen
must match the 1 set of numbers that come out of the drawing based on the selection
of K numbers form N possibilities.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Do equally incremented sequential numbers appear to behave differently?
To be able to count how many equally incremented sequential number sets of length K could be
selected from a set of size N the mathematical notation becomes: </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">N-S(K-1)</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In human readable terms this yields the total number of
equally incremented sets of K items from the set size N, with a sequential
increment of S.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
This expression gives the results it does based on the following: </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
By the nature of consecutive numbers the maximum first
number in the set produced will be the product of the increment and the length
of the selection set minus one. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Since these are consecutive numbers this maximum first
number is also the total number of all equally incremented consecutive numbers
that can be drawn from the set of size N.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Let us do a small demonstration. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Setting N to 8, and K to 3
the total number of selections we could get out of this combination is 8 choose
3 <span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; position: relative; top: 8.5pt;"></span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>which is 56. To get the total number of possible equally incremented sequential numbers we must increment count the number numbers produced by each increment of S</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<!--[if !mso]>
<style>
v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
.shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
</style>
<![endif]--></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:AllowPNG/>
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/>
<w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/>
<w:OverrideTableStyleHps/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="false"
DefSemiHidden="false" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="374">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footer"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of figures"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope return"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="line number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="page number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of authorities"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="macro"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="toa heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Mention"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Smart Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hashtag"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-right:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:8.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0in;
line-height:107%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; position: relative; top: 4.0pt;"></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQPzELpnHe7C1Og1RLqhixL-tNxN_tT7ijkUqS-L_GL8mve5L4y5b2ZXk5HILwczpgfF3yiViugp9NUxI0fPIeeH7i1ZtHk7upfVdPZus7HTx12vhd7kBrbIdixwrUPchL90lJfsTI/s1600/Number_Demo.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="230" data-original-width="248" height="185" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQPzELpnHe7C1Og1RLqhixL-tNxN_tT7ijkUqS-L_GL8mve5L4y5b2ZXk5HILwczpgfF3yiViugp9NUxI0fPIeeH7i1ZtHk7upfVdPZus7HTx12vhd7kBrbIdixwrUPchL90lJfsTI/s200/Number_Demo.png" width="200" /></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">The colors represent the counts.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">Purple:
8-1(3-1) = <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">6</b> {(1,2,3)(2,3,4)(3,4,5)(4,5,6)(5,6,7)(6,7,8)}</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">Green
: 8-2(3-1) = <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">4</b>
{(1,3,5)(2,4,6)(3,5,7)(4,6,8)}</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">Blue<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>: 8-3(3-1) = <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">2</b> {(1,4,7)(2,5,8)}</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"> </span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"> </span></i></div>
<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The
summation is: </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:AllowPNG/>
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
</xml><![endif]--></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/>
<w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/>
<w:OverrideTableStyleHps/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="false"
DefSemiHidden="false" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="374">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footer"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of figures"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope return"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="line number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="page number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of authorities"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="macro"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="toa heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Mention"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Smart Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hashtag"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-right:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:8.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0in;
line-height:107%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRglK-fLbXZu-q6HlcZEb42b9uCjh7J4WTZ9Y3jOT_h2Wrx2kqiRaiMBkDSF3oS6EpZ7QfciO6tvv1bHEvZgLhMzxK8DNwFXGfQ7M3Swyj3-ykfyyXoS4PQXabFki-SCGfigAYrsWY/s1600/Formula_example.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="46" data-original-width="144" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRglK-fLbXZu-q6HlcZEb42b9uCjh7J4WTZ9Y3jOT_h2Wrx2kqiRaiMBkDSF3oS6EpZ7QfciO6tvv1bHEvZgLhMzxK8DNwFXGfQ7M3Swyj3-ykfyyXoS4PQXabFki-SCGfigAYrsWY/s1600/Formula_example.png" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The sum of these individual calculations is 12. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Now that we have this number the question we want to ask is: </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
What is the probability that 3 numbers chosen from the set of 8 will be equally
incremented sequential numbers ? </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The probability is 12/56. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
What is the probability that 3 numbers chosen from the set
of 8 will not be equally
incremented sequential numbers ? </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
44/56. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Reducing the results, we have 3/14, and 11/14 respectively. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
There are 11 to 3 odds against choosing three equally
incremented sequential numbers from a set of 8 numbers. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
This is one way of determining the odds of equally incremented sequential numbered sets of numbers coming out of a random number generator
like a lottery drawing. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
There are a few other use cases for this formula related to path length calculations for graphs that I will continue to research. More to come on this interesting formula. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<br />
<br />Doug Needhamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15085213835430484008noreply@blogger.com0Cincinnati, OH, USA39.1031182 -84.51201960000003138.906058699999996 -84.834743100000026 39.3001777 -84.189296100000035tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956158211627284513.post-7255079943819574642017-04-10T06:30:00.000-04:002017-04-10T06:30:03.604-04:00Job Descriptions Suck!<div class="zemanta-img" style="text-align: right;">
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Indeedlogo.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="Indeed.com" border="0" class="zemanta-img-inserted zemanta-img-configured" height="87" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/b1/Indeedlogo.png" style="border: medium none; font-size: 0.8em;" width="200" /></a></div>
I saw a commercial about <a class="zem_slink" href="http://www.indeed.com/" rel="homepage" target="_blank" title="Indeed">Indeed</a>.com. They claim to have over 60,000 new jobs added every day.<br />
<br />
This sounds great.<br />
<br />
Except for one thing.<br />
<br />
Job descriptions suck!<br />
<br />
Of these 60,000 new jobs, how many of them are actually unique? If you can not differentiate one <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Job_description" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Job description">job description</a> from another, how can an individual differentiate themselves from all of the other candidates that may be applying for a job?<br />
<br />
Most job portals like Indeed do quite well at allowing you to search for a <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Classification_of_Occupations" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="International Standard Classification of Occupations">job title</a>. If you are adept at doing keyword searches you can usually refine what you are looking for to something close to something for which you are qualified.<br />
<br />
But what about the other side of the aisle?<br />
<br />
Recruiters are searching your profiles. They do similar keyword searches against your indexed resume.<br />
<br />
Depending on how they do a search, and the search technology they may be using actually determines whether you are found or not.<br />
<br />
It has been said if you have more than a one page resume you are overlooked by most <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recruitment" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Recruitment">recruiters</a>.<br />
<br />
How do you stand out when there are so many technical reasons why you will not get noticed?<br />
<br />
I think there is a different way to look at things.<br />
<br />
Very seldom in my career have I done one job during my tenure at an employer. I think others have seen similar things.<br />
<br />
I broke out some R code, started capturing some job descriptions sent to me, and did some text similarity mining.<br />
<br />
What I came up with, I published on <a href="http://pubprojx.com/" target="_blank">pubProjX.com</a> It takes a collection of what I call "project write-ups" compares the project writeup with various job descriptions in my little database, and shows the top 10 job descriptions that match that writeup. If you do enough write-ups, you can see a graph created that shows your <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Career_counseling" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Career counseling">career path</a>. For good measure, I also provide a <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tag_cloud" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Tag cloud">word-cloud</a> of you a persons write-ups, and do a centrality representation from the graph to show the job descriptions an individual has matched most frequently.<br />
<br />
My <a href="http://pubprojx.com/">pubprojx.com</a> profile is : <a href="http://pubprojx.com/profiles/DougNeedham/" target="_blank">Doug Needham</a> <br />
<br />
Would having this make you stand out from the crowd?<br />
<br />
I don't know yet.<br />
But one thing I have found, when I show people my profile page it makes a very compelling story to have a conversation about my career path, and the job descriptions that match what I can do.<br />
<br />
Wasn't there something in the news recently about "joining a conversation"?<br />
<br />
Create a profile and get a recruiter to join your conversation.<br />
<br />
There are instructions on the site that show you how to send a profile write-up.<br />
<br />
Send me a write-up and join the site.<br />
<br />
What will your <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-7OE6bDfM2M" target="_blank">story </a>be?<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />Doug Needhamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15085213835430484008noreply@blogger.com0Cincinnati, OH, USA39.1031182 -84.51201960000003138.906058699999996 -84.834743100000026 39.3001777 -84.189296100000035tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956158211627284513.post-76377353970638671872017-01-25T06:30:00.000-05:002017-01-25T06:30:40.116-05:00The data guy learns GermanMany years ago I worked for a company headquartered in <a class="zem_slink" href="http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=52.5166666667,13.3833333333&spn=0.1,0.1&q=52.5166666667,13.3833333333%20(Germany)&t=h" rel="geolocation" target="_blank" title="Germany">Germany</a>.<br />
<br />
I was able to go to <a class="zem_slink" href="http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=49.843786,8.584211&spn=1.0,1.0&q=49.843786,8.584211%20(Darmstadt)&t=h" rel="geolocation" target="_blank" title="Darmstadt">Darmstadt</a> for a short visit. I did <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Learning">learn</a> a few German phrases, but I did not get around to learning much of the language.<br />
<br />
I have always wanted to get around to learning how to read and write in <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_language" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="German language">German</a>, but I kept putting it off.<br />
<br />
This year I have decided I am going to focus my personal journey on linguistics, and <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_processing_in_the_brain" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Language processing in the brain">language processing</a>. Learning another language may or may not help me as I get back into the text processing space, but from a meta perspective of understanding more about the process, we as humans have to go through in order to understand other <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Language">languages</a> will hopefully give me more insight into providing value to text analysis. Not to mention, most of the linguists I have known speak more than just one language.<br />
<br />
I think focusing on learning another language for human conversation may help me as I focus more on language processing.<br />
<br />
So I began my journey earlier this year.<br />
<br />
The following are the resources that I have been using.<br />
<br />
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/DeutschFuerEuch">https://www.youtube.com/user/DeutschFuerEuch</a><br />
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCTobWZV_HWGSoaRrhHyrJ-A">https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCTobWZV_HWGSoaRrhHyrJ-A</a><br />
And a few other youtube folks. <br />
<a href="http://memrise.com/">memrise.com</a><br />
The concepts taught in the book <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Fluent-Forever-Learn-Language-Forget/dp/0385348118">Fluent Forever</a> <br />
<div class="zemanta-img" style="text-align: left;">
</div>
I encourage anyone interested in language learning to read this book. The main concepts in his technique are the following:<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://commons.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:IPA_in_IPA.svg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="A transcription of "IPA" in the IPA" border="0" class="zemanta-img-inserted zemanta-img-configured" height="52" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/IPA_in_IPA.svg/350px-IPA_in_IPA.svg.png" style="border: medium none; font-size: 0.8em;" width="200" /></a></div>
<ul>
<li>Learn pronunciation using the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPA">International Phonetic Alphabet</a></li>
<li> Use flashcards that you make yourself. </li>
<li>Focus on <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_lists_by_frequency" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Word lists by frequency">word frequency lists</a> for learning vocabulary. The word Ich is more common than the word Pilz. You may be able to work out more if you know and understand a word that is used more frequently. </li>
<li>Do not translate words from German to <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="English language">English</a>. Draw pictures of the artifacts or concepts. For example, if you do a <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flashcard" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Flashcard">flashcard</a> for the Sonne draw a picture like the one on the right </li>
</ul>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhB2tWl7DLe4oDMFilY-UAW1a3PmtG4hmfmWsN-aU_t3W4SyE5GR2dbHwLFF63b-7QhchNV9AIVMOzubCTjusUXlppt58ySKt34BBqrC4ZB3kVftwcomcrIszgYoFGqwkvLQqB-FqIM/s1600/sonne-002.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhB2tWl7DLe4oDMFilY-UAW1a3PmtG4hmfmWsN-aU_t3W4SyE5GR2dbHwLFF63b-7QhchNV9AIVMOzubCTjusUXlppt58ySKt34BBqrC4ZB3kVftwcomcrIszgYoFGqwkvLQqB-FqIM/s200/sonne-002.jpg" width="200" /></a><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
I do want to focus on this last point for a moment. I have not so far spent as much time as I would like putting together flashcards the way Gabriel Wyner suggests in the book above. However, what I do is when I take note of a <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neologism" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Neologism">new word</a> I am learning, I only write the word in German, followed by a picture that means something to me that represents the item, artifact or concept. I do not know if this method has the same effect as what he suggests, but it is what I am attempting. Ultimately I will probably create the full flashcards as he suggests with the word in Deutsch, the IPA pronunciation, and an image that represents the word. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
I added one other thing to the list. "read german books". For any L1 language, we naturally increase our vocabulary as we read. I have started with some young adult readers and will work my way through more of them. I am already at the point where I can mostly understand the German text while looking up a few words. This expertise will continue to grow this year. <br />
<br />
I also intend to watch some television shows dubbed into German. <a class="zem_slink" href="http://twitter.com/wikipedia" rel="twitter" target="_blank" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> also has some really good technical material that can be reviewed in both English and German. I plan to use that resource as much as possible to clarify the technical terms I work with daily.<br />
<br />
Google translate is also very helpful because I may think I have a translation worked out but Google confirms the parts I had correct and shows me where I went wrong. <br />
<br />
So here goes my first bilingual post.<br />
<br />
<span class="" id="result_box" lang="de"><span class="">Mein Verständnis von Deutsch ist erst am Anfang.</span> <span class="">Ich hoffe, bald mehr Menschen auf Deutsch zu sprechen. </span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="de"><span class="">Wenn Sie Deutsch sprechen, schreiben Sie mir bitte eine Nachricht.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span class="" id="result_box" lang="de"><span class="">Prost!</span></span><br />
<br />
<span class="" id="result_box" lang="de"><span class="">Doug</span></span><br />
<span class="" id="result_box" lang="de"><span class=""> </span></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />Doug Needhamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15085213835430484008noreply@blogger.com0Cincinnati, OH, USA39.1031182 -84.51201960000003138.906058699999996 -84.834743100000026 39.3001777 -84.189296100000035tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956158211627284513.post-39769973011999772462017-01-05T10:00:00.000-05:002017-01-05T10:00:02.977-05:00What is the performance relationship between a Database and a Business Intelligence Server<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
This article will be a bit long; it covers a complicated topic that I have been studying for quite some time. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I have run across the need to explain this topic on a number of occasions, and over time my explanations have hopefully become clearer and more succinct.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The concept that will be discussed here is the performance relationship between a database server and a business intelligence server in a simple data mart deployment. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Rarely are data mart deployments simple, but the intention for this is to be a reference article to understand the relationships between the server needs and the performance footprint under some of the various scenarios to be experienced during the lifecycle of a production deployment. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Here is a simple layout of an architecture for a <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_mart" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Data mart">DataMart</a>: </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiT-bTaEFnIuzRDsejm99cKr5CXWBIl8EXShtem5fh0Wc7vBYagQL-GSfGs_V-2OoAFvnIwtIefNScGu-yydCUYsJZUhCAgwRiqkZ0eNDEBRZMeYeVztxii5Erf2UtcNZ5_UeHGnDj3/s1600/Datamart_viz_StepI.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiT-bTaEFnIuzRDsejm99cKr5CXWBIl8EXShtem5fh0Wc7vBYagQL-GSfGs_V-2OoAFvnIwtIefNScGu-yydCUYsJZUhCAgwRiqkZ0eNDEBRZMeYeVztxii5Erf2UtcNZ5_UeHGnDj3/s320/Datamart_viz_StepI.png" width="240" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Very basic image, the D is the database server, the F is the front-end, the U are the users, and they are all connected via the network.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
To be precise this architecture represents a ROLAP (Relational <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_analytical_processing" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Online analytical processing">On Line Analytical processing</a>) built on top of a dimensional model (star schema) implementation. The dimensional model is assumed to be populated and current with totally separate ETL processes that are not represented in this diagram.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The “D” represents any database server: Oracle, <a class="zem_slink" href="http://www.mysql.com/" rel="homepage" target="_blank" title="MySQL">MySQL</a>, <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="SQL">SQL</a> Server, DB2, whichever infrastructure you or your enterprise has chosen.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The “F” represents any front-end business intelligence server that is optimized for dimensional model querying, and is supported by a server instance: Business Objects, Cognos, <a class="zem_slink" href="http://www.crunchbase.com/product/pentaho-business-analytics" rel="crunchbase" target="_blank" title="Pentaho Business Analytics">Pentaho Business Analytics</a>, </span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a class="zem_slink" href="http://www.crunchbase.com/product/tableau-server" rel="crunchbase" target="_blank" title="Tableau Server">Tableau Server</a>. The desktop specific <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_intelligence" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Business intelligence">BI</a> solutions do not fit in this reference model for reasons we shall see shortly. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In my early thoughts on the subject, I envisioned that the performance relationship in a properly done DataMart would be something like this: </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLfCctnfq8RZeFBROTEbK3hu2dYXRakkQeHMGk_Txyuks9Sdqj1llKUHbNubRUxyuQgiRnLBmzfvzDkYK4t6Snt5a9Ed2DAbhPS0j3FiNwY0DK5LARLI8rGqw5G_N1vKI8x4nmNjw3/s1600/datamart_viz_stepII.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLfCctnfq8RZeFBROTEbK3hu2dYXRakkQeHMGk_Txyuks9Sdqj1llKUHbNubRUxyuQgiRnLBmzfvzDkYK4t6Snt5a9Ed2DAbhPS0j3FiNwY0DK5LARLI8rGqw5G_N1vKI8x4nmNjw3/s320/datamart_viz_stepII.png" width="280" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
This is a good representation of what happens. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
On the left side of the chart we have the following scenario.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
When the front-end server responding to a user interaction sends a request back to the database for aggregated data like: “show me the number of units sold over the last few years”</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
One could imagine the query being something like: <span style="font-family: "courier new";">Select Year, Sum(total_sold) from Fct_orders fo <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Join_%28SQL%29" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Join (SQL)">inner join</a> Dim_Date dd on fo.date_key = dd.date_key.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "courier new";"> </span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The dutiful database does an aggregation, provided all of the statistics are current on the data, a short read takes place and more <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_processing_unit" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Central processing unit">CPU</a> and Memory but less Disk I/O is used to do the calculation.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In the graph this is represented by the high red-line on the upper left.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The results returned to the front end are small. A single record per year of collected data.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The CPU and Memory load on the front end server is tiny shown in green on the lower left.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
On the right side of the chart we have the following scenario.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
When the front-end server responding to a user interaction sends a request back to the database for non-aggregated data like: “show me all of the individual transactions taking place over the last few years”</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
One could imagine the query in this case to be something like: <span style="font-family: "courier new";">Select fo.*,dimensional data from Fct_orders fo inner join (all connected dimension tables).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In this case the database server has little option but to do a full table scan of the raw data and returning it.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In the graph this is represented by the lower red-line on the right (more disk I/O, less CPU and Memory), then the data is returned to the business intelligence server.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Our <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front_and_back_ends" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Front and back ends">Front-End</a> server will have to do some disk caching, as well as lots of processing (CPU and Memory) to handle the load just given to it, not to mention things like pagination, and possibly holding record counters to keep track of which rows the user has seen or not, among other things.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
This graph seems to summarize the relationship between the two servers rather nicely. However, something is missing.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I had to dwell on this image for some time before I was able to think of a way to visualize the thing that is missing.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The network.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
And even then there are at least two parts to the network.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The connection between the front-end server and the database, followed by the connection between the front-end server and all of the various users.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Each of these have a different performance footprint.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Representing the database performance, Front-End performance, and network performance for both the users and the system connections is something with which I continue to struggle.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Here is the image I have recently arrived at:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVfxm2w4ieKV82ME5yfEy0sW-08DByF49nkxhoGgM-kwalJ6DLueQeEVwXzOdwnNt49rTia6DzT67tYKpR9NQ-mxnmWRbUVnxgyjYph8Z29EGCaSzcXgSZNFQUdODY27opYc3sTZSH/s1600/datamart_viz2_plot3.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVfxm2w4ieKV82ME5yfEy0sW-08DByF49nkxhoGgM-kwalJ6DLueQeEVwXzOdwnNt49rTia6DzT67tYKpR9NQ-mxnmWRbUVnxgyjYph8Z29EGCaSzcXgSZNFQUdODY27opYc3sTZSH/s400/datamart_viz2_plot3.png" width="372" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
This chart needs a little context to understand the relationships between the 4 quadrants. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Quadrant I is the server network bandwidth. In a typical linear relationship as the data size increases from the database to the front end the server network bandwidth increases.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Quadrant II is the database performance relationship between CPU/Memory and Disk I/O for a varying query workload. For highly aggregated queries the CPU and Memory usage increases, and the Server Network bandwidth is smaller because less data is being put on the wire. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For less aggregated data, and more full data transfers the Disk I/O is higher, Memory is lower, and back in Quadrant I the Server Network Bandwidth is higher.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Quadrant III is the Front-End server performance comparing CPU/Memory and Disk I/O when dealing with a varying volume of data. As the data increases from the database more resources and caching is needed on this server.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Quadrant IV is the User Network Bandwidth this is the result of the front end server responding to the requests from the user. As the number of users increase the volume of data increases and more of a load is put on the front end server. Likewise, the bandwidth increases as more data is being provided to the various users.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
This image is an attempt to show the interactions between these 4 components.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The things that make this image possible is a well-designed dimensional model, a rich semantic layer with appropriate business definitions, and common queries that tend to be repeated.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
This architecture can support exploratory analysis, however, the data to be explored must be defined and loaded up front. For exploratory analysis to determine which data points need to be included in the data mart, that should be done in a separate environment.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I created all three of these images with R using iGraph and ggplot2 with anecdotal data. The data shown in this chart is not sampled, but is meant as a representation of how these four systems interact. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Having experience monitoring many platforms supporting this architecture, I know for a fact that no production systems will actually show these rises and falls the way this representative chart is doing.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
However, understanding that at their core they should interact this way should give a pointer to where a performance issue may be hiding in your architecture. If you are experiencing problems. The other use-case of this image is an estimation tool for designing new solutions.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
All that being said, much of this architecture may be called in to question by new tools.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Some newer systems, Hadoop, Snowflake, RedShift actually change the performance dynamics of the database component.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The Cloud concept has an impact on the System Bandwidth component. If you have everything in the cloud, then in theory the bandwidth between the database server and the front-end server should be managed by your cloud provider. There may need to be VPC pairings if you set them up in separate regions.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
If these are being run within a self-managed data center should the connection between the database server and the front-end server be on a separate VLAN, or switch? Perhaps.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Does the front-end server use separate connections for the database querying interface and the user facing interface? Should it?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Do you need more than one front-end server sitting behind a load-balancer? How many users can one of your front-end servers’ support? What are the recommended limits from the vendor? Should data partitioning and dedicated servers per business unit be done to optimize performance for smaller data? </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
These are all types of questions that arise when looking at the bigger picture. Specifically when you are doing data systems design and architecture. This requires a slightly different touch than application systems design and architecture.<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Thinking about applying this diagram in your own enterprise will hopefully give insight into your own environment.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Can you think of a better way to diagram this relationship? Let me know.<br />
<a href="http://rpubs.com/Doug_Needham/DSGA" target="_blank">The code and text are posted here.</a> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="zemanta-related" style="clear: both; margin-top: 20px; overflow: hidden;">
<h4 class="zemanta-related-title">
Related articles</h4>
<ul class="zemanta-article-ul zemanta-article-ul-image" style="margin: 0; overflow: hidden; padding: 0;">
<li class="zemanta-article-ul-li-image zemanta-article-ul-li" style="background: none; display: block; float: left; font-size: 11px; list-style: none; margin: 2px 10px 10px 2px; padding: 0; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; width: 84px;"><a href="https://dzone.com/articles/using-the-gridgain-web-console-for-automatic-rdbms" style="border-radius: 2px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 4px #999; display: block; padding: 2px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><img src="//i.zemanta.com/376530221_80_80.jpg" style="border: 0; display: block; margin: 0; max-width: 100%; padding: 0; width: 80px;" /></a><a href="https://dzone.com/articles/using-the-gridgain-web-console-for-automatic-rdbms" style="background-image: none; display: block; height: 83px; line-height: 12pt; overflow: hidden; padding: 5px 2px 0 2px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Using the GridGain Web Console for Automatic RDBMS Integration With Apache Ignite</a></li>
<li class="zemanta-article-ul-li-image zemanta-article-ul-li" style="background: none; display: block; float: left; font-size: 11px; list-style: none; margin: 2px 10px 10px 2px; padding: 0; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; width: 84px;"><a href="http://resources.infosecinstitute.com/a-project-management-guide-to-deploying-biometrics-part-4-the-database-aspect/" style="border-radius: 2px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 4px #999; display: block; padding: 2px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><img src="//i.zemanta.com/376418126_80_80.jpg" style="border: 0; display: block; margin: 0; max-width: 100%; padding: 0; width: 80px;" /></a><a href="http://resources.infosecinstitute.com/a-project-management-guide-to-deploying-biometrics-part-4-the-database-aspect/" style="background-image: none; display: block; height: 83px; line-height: 12pt; overflow: hidden; padding: 5px 2px 0 2px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">A Project Management Guide to Deploying Biometrics - Part 4-The Database Aspect</a></li>
<li class="zemanta-article-ul-li-image zemanta-article-ul-li" style="background: none; display: block; float: left; font-size: 11px; list-style: none; margin: 2px 10px 10px 2px; padding: 0; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; width: 84px;"><a href="https://www.r-bloggers.com/interacting-with-amazon-athena-from-r/" style="border-radius: 2px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 4px #999; display: block; padding: 2px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><img src="//i.zemanta.com/noimg_2_80_80.jpg" style="border: 0; display: block; margin: 0; max-width: 100%; padding: 0; width: 80px;" /></a><a href="https://www.r-bloggers.com/interacting-with-amazon-athena-from-r/" style="background-image: none; display: block; height: 83px; line-height: 12pt; overflow: hidden; padding: 5px 2px 0 2px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Interacting With Amazon Athena from R</a></li>
<li class="zemanta-article-ul-li-image zemanta-article-ul-li" style="background: none; display: block; float: left; font-size: 11px; list-style: none; margin: 2px 10px 10px 2px; padding: 0; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; width: 84px;"><a href="http://blog.imperva.com/2016/12/the-state-of-web-applications-vulnerabilities-in-2016.html" style="border-radius: 2px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 4px #999; display: block; padding: 2px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><img src="//i.zemanta.com/376630063_80_80.jpg" style="border: 0; display: block; margin: 0; max-width: 100%; padding: 0; width: 80px;" /></a><a href="http://blog.imperva.com/2016/12/the-state-of-web-applications-vulnerabilities-in-2016.html" style="background-image: none; display: block; height: 83px; line-height: 12pt; overflow: hidden; padding: 5px 2px 0 2px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">The State of Web Applications' Vulnerabilities in 2016</a></li>
<li class="zemanta-article-ul-li-image zemanta-article-ul-li" style="background: none; display: block; float: left; font-size: 11px; list-style: none; margin: 2px 10px 10px 2px; padding: 0; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; width: 84px;"><a href="https://blog.knoldus.com/2016/12/12/hive-database-a-basic-introduction/" style="border-radius: 2px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 4px #999; display: block; padding: 2px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><img src="//i.zemanta.com/376561655_80_80.jpg" style="border: 0; display: block; margin: 0; max-width: 100%; padding: 0; width: 80px;" /></a><a href="https://blog.knoldus.com/2016/12/12/hive-database-a-basic-introduction/" style="background-image: none; display: block; height: 83px; line-height: 12pt; overflow: hidden; padding: 5px 2px 0 2px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Hive Database : A basic Introduction</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
Doug Needhamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15085213835430484008noreply@blogger.com0Cincinnati, OH, USA39.1031182 -84.51201960000003138.906058699999996 -84.834743100000026 39.3001777 -84.189296100000035tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956158211627284513.post-12030723905530434912016-12-18T10:47:00.000-05:002016-12-18T10:48:09.479-05:00How many times do you have to stand in the rain before lightning strikes? Recently, I have seen this picture a number of times:<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNgTwrRv1nZcm03qqN5KBy0VcQilr2FuiZ3iNHY0zwvzzvOr2NGnhgB7RRqT42ONo-Y5ahhPT-W2tb8OvMFPAmLtfnatvsOSr-leeJV8YnzLDHfqhJWRD17txwoB4G6iC4NpYPiO_K/s1600/facebook.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="207" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNgTwrRv1nZcm03qqN5KBy0VcQilr2FuiZ3iNHY0zwvzzvOr2NGnhgB7RRqT42ONo-Y5ahhPT-W2tb8OvMFPAmLtfnatvsOSr-leeJV8YnzLDHfqhJWRD17txwoB4G6iC4NpYPiO_K/s320/facebook.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
This is a cute little anecdote about taking <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risk" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Risk">risks</a> and being open to opportunities.<br />
<br />
Here is a counter thought:<br />
<br />
How many people were invited to other rooms, and those people are not billionaires now?<br />
<br />
How many people have spent nights and weekends coding or <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Building">building</a> someone else's idea only to never see a dime?<br />
<br />
Now don't get me wrong. I absolutely love working with entrepreneurs!<br />
<br />
The excitement of a <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Idea" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="New Idea">new idea</a>, the thrill of building things from scratch, the camaraderie of working on something that is new and rushing to get something to market before someone else builds something similar.<br />
<br />
These are fun things to work on.<br />
<br />
However, everyone should be committed to the goal with the same amount of buy-in.<br />
<br />
As I wrote about previously <a href="http://bit.ly/BewareThePartnership" target="_blank">Beware The Partnership</a> where the technology person or team is the only one working on the project. This is called contracting.<br />
<br />
If you and a friend have an idea, and you are both working various angles on the idea, go for it.<br />
<br />
If you are not a technology person, and you need a "partner" to do the actual building part, you have just hired a consultant. They may work with you for some sort of percentage of future ownership (<a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweat_equity" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Sweat equity">sweat equity</a>), but at some point sweat, motivational speeches, possible future options do not put food on the table.<br />
<br />
Never be afraid to take risks.<br />
<br />
The risk for the technologist is spending time, effort and <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expert" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Expert">expertise</a> on a project that may never pay off. My caution for you if you are a technologis is this: Don't expect to make your expected hourly rate. Be flexible, negotiate maybe even suggest that the idea person pay for equipment of some other tangible if they are unwilling or unable ot pay you directly. <br />
<br />
The risk for the idea person is that you may be paying for something that does not quite fit in with your vision. My caution for you if you are an idea person is this: Either be willing to pay for expertise that you do not have, or simply do not talk about your idea with anyone. If you do not have the ability to pay for expertise, use <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_manufacturing" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Lean manufacturing">Lean</a> techniques to figure out the quickest path to make <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Money" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Money">money</a> with your idea. If you are currently working, leverage your savings or take a portion of your current income and save it till you can afford to pay for expertise, experience, equipment or some other tangible item to help you build your idea.<br />
<br />
<br />
If you can't risk losing a bit of money(for the idea person), or time (for the technologist) then don't get involved in building out something.<br />
<br />
If you are currently in either of these situations, and are uncomfortable talking about these things, share this link with your <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_partner" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Business partner">business partner</a>. Have a conversation about the uncomfortable topic of money early on. If you are willing to commit your future to an idea with your partner, you should be willing to discuss money, and you should do it sooner rather than later.<br />
<br />
<br />
You do have to take risks to be successful. Sometimes it simply rains.<br />
<br />
On rare occasion lightning strikes and you are able to convert from working on a side project to doing something you love full time.<br />
<br />
Either way, you will get wet.<br />
<br />
The question is, how wet are you willing to get?<br />
<br />
Will you take a bath, or be singing in the rain? <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="zemanta-related" style="clear: both; margin-top: 20px; overflow: hidden;">
<h4 class="zemanta-related-title">
Related articles</h4>
<ul class="zemanta-article-ul zemanta-article-ul-image" style="margin: 0; overflow: hidden; padding: 0;">
<li class="zemanta-article-ul-li-image zemanta-article-ul-li" style="background: none; display: block; float: left; font-size: 11px; list-style: none; margin: 2px 10px 10px 2px; padding: 0; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; width: 84px;"><a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/why-product-hunt-merged-with-angellist-2016-12" style="border-radius: 2px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 4px #999; display: block; padding: 2px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><img src="//i.zemanta.com/376190753_80_80.jpg" style="border: 0; display: block; margin: 0; max-width: 100%; padding: 0; width: 80px;" /></a><a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/why-product-hunt-merged-with-angellist-2016-12" style="background-image: none; display: block; height: 83px; line-height: 12pt; overflow: hidden; padding: 5px 2px 0 2px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">'Never say never': Why a beloved Silicon Valley website sold for $20 million</a></li>
<li class="zemanta-article-ul-li-image zemanta-article-ul-li" style="background: none; display: block; float: left; font-size: 11px; list-style: none; margin: 2px 10px 10px 2px; padding: 0; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; width: 84px;"><a href="http://grasshopper.com/blog/getting-paid-in-equity-a-what-to-do-guide/" style="border-radius: 2px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 4px #999; display: block; padding: 2px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><img src="//i.zemanta.com/83210668_80_80.jpg" style="border: 0; display: block; margin: 0; max-width: 100%; padding: 0; width: 80px;" /></a><a href="http://grasshopper.com/blog/getting-paid-in-equity-a-what-to-do-guide/" style="background-image: none; display: block; height: 83px; line-height: 12pt; overflow: hidden; padding: 5px 2px 0 2px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Getting Paid in Equity: A What to Do Guide</a></li>
<li class="zemanta-article-ul-li-image zemanta-article-ul-li" style="background: none; display: block; float: left; font-size: 11px; list-style: none; margin: 2px 10px 10px 2px; padding: 0; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; width: 84px;"><a href="http://grasshopper.com/resources/business-equity-for-entrepreneurs/getting-paid-in-equity/" style="border-radius: 2px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 4px #999; display: block; padding: 2px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><img src="//i.zemanta.com/261971134_80_80.jpg" style="border: 0; display: block; margin: 0; max-width: 100%; padding: 0; width: 80px;" /></a><a href="http://grasshopper.com/resources/business-equity-for-entrepreneurs/getting-paid-in-equity/" style="background-image: none; display: block; height: 83px; line-height: 12pt; overflow: hidden; padding: 5px 2px 0 2px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Getting Paid in Equity: Help for Employees</a></li>
<li class="zemanta-article-ul-li-image zemanta-article-ul-li" style="background: none; display: block; float: left; font-size: 11px; list-style: none; margin: 2px 10px 10px 2px; padding: 0; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; width: 84px;"><a href="http://tomaltman.com/theft-rises-winter-business-safe/" style="border-radius: 2px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 4px #999; display: block; padding: 2px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><img src="//i.zemanta.com/376298437_80_80.jpg" style="border: 0; display: block; margin: 0; max-width: 100%; padding: 0; width: 80px;" /></a><a href="http://tomaltman.com/theft-rises-winter-business-safe/" style="background-image: none; display: block; height: 83px; line-height: 12pt; overflow: hidden; padding: 5px 2px 0 2px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Theft Rises In Winter - Is Your Business Safe?</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
Doug Needhamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15085213835430484008noreply@blogger.com0Cincinnati, OH, USA39.1031182 -84.51201960000003138.906058699999996 -84.834743100000026 39.3001777 -84.189296100000035tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956158211627284513.post-10433485753903932382016-10-28T08:30:00.000-04:002016-10-28T08:30:33.019-04:00Predictive Analytics World New York 2016 Supercharging with Ensemble Models.<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container zemanta-img" style="float: right; margin-right: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wisecrowds.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: clear:right;"><img alt="The Wisdom of Crowds" border="0" class="zemanta-img-inserted zemanta-img-configured" height="216" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/95/Wisecrowds.jpg" style="border: none; font-size: 0.8em;" width="140" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption zemanta-img-attribution" style="text-align: center; width: 140px;">The Wisdom of Crowds (Photo credit: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wisecrowds.jpg" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a>)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<a href="http://www.predictiveanalyticsworld.com/newyork/2016/ensembles_handson.php" target="_blank">Dean Abbott</a> taught this class on Ensemble models.<br />
<br />
One of the in class demonstrations was an example from <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Wisdom-Crowds-James-Surowiecki/dp/0385721706" target="_blank">The Wisdom of Crowds.</a> He passed around a bottle with some <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cereal" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Cereal">cereal</a> in it. Everyone guessed, and then he averaged the <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guessing" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Guessing">guesses</a>.<br />
<br />
Two people were closer than the true answer, but an Ensemble model (An average of all of our individual guesses based on our <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_model_%28motor_control%29" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Internal model (motor control)">internal model</a> of the bottle and the size of the cereal.)<br />
<br />
There were also hands-on demonstrations with Salford Systems predictive modeler. You can find out more about the tool at this <a href="https://www.salford-systems.com/products/spm" target="_blank">link</a><br />
<div class="zemanta-img" style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<br />
<a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dean_%28education%29" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Dean (education)">Dean</a> is a thorough instructor, and clearly could educate all of us on the various ways of doing <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predictive_modelling" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Predictive modelling">predictive modeling</a>. <br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://commons.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Manual_decision_tree.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="English: A manually drawn decision tree diagra..." border="0" class="zemanta-img-inserted zemanta-img-configured" height="200" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Manual_decision_tree.jpg/350px-Manual_decision_tree.jpg" style="border: medium none; font-size: 0.8em;" width="169" /></a></div>
He talked about Logistic and Linear regression, <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decision_tree" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Decision tree">decision trees</a>, <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_forest" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Random forest">random forests</a>, and how to combine these specific models with various options as an Ensemble model.<br />
<br />
He touched just briefly on deep-learning.<br />
<br />
I look forward to hearing from him again, I think every time I would be able to hear from him I would learn something new.<br />
<br />
Dean recommended to read his book: <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Applied-Predictive-Analytics-Principles-Professional/dp/1118727967" target="_blank">Applied Predictive Analytics Principles</a> I look forward to starting to read this on the flight back.<br />
<br />
It has been an exciting time in New York. Whenever I attend these conferences, and workshops I always feel like the more I learn, the less I know.<br />
<br />
I did take a few pictures, and made a few tweets about one day speaking at a future event. I think I have a lot to learn to be on par with these speakers.<br />
<br />
Continuous learning is the key to expertise.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="zemanta-related" style="clear: both; margin-top: 20px; overflow: hidden;">
<h4 class="zemanta-related-title">
Related articles</h4>
<ul class="zemanta-article-ul zemanta-article-ul-image" style="margin: 0; overflow: hidden; padding: 0;">
<li class="zemanta-article-ul-li-image zemanta-article-ul-li" style="background: none; display: block; float: left; font-size: 11px; list-style: none; margin: 2px 10px 10px 2px; padding: 0; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; width: 84px;"><a href="http://cs.stackexchange.com/questions/63281/information-gain-vs-gini-impurity-for-random-forest" style="border-radius: 2px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 4px #999; display: block; padding: 2px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><img src="//i.zemanta.com/374258181_80_80.jpg" style="border: 0; display: block; margin: 0; max-width: 100%; padding: 0; width: 80px;" /></a><a href="http://cs.stackexchange.com/questions/63281/information-gain-vs-gini-impurity-for-random-forest" style="background-image: none; display: block; height: 83px; line-height: 12pt; overflow: hidden; padding: 5px 2px 0 2px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Information gain vs Gini impurity, for Random Forest?</a></li>
<li class="zemanta-article-ul-li-image zemanta-article-ul-li" style="background: none; display: block; float: left; font-size: 11px; list-style: none; margin: 2px 10px 10px 2px; padding: 0; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; width: 84px;"><a href="http://www.fathead-movie.com/index.php/2016/09/15/the-brain-doctor-and-the-wisdom-of-crowds/" style="border-radius: 2px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 4px #999; display: block; padding: 2px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><img src="//i.zemanta.com/375201369_80_80.jpg" style="border: 0; display: block; margin: 0; max-width: 100%; padding: 0; width: 80px;" /></a><a href="http://www.fathead-movie.com/index.php/2016/09/15/the-brain-doctor-and-the-wisdom-of-crowds/" style="background-image: none; display: block; height: 83px; line-height: 12pt; overflow: hidden; padding: 5px 2px 0 2px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">The Brain Doctor and The Wisdom of Crowds</a></li>
<li class="zemanta-article-ul-li-image zemanta-article-ul-li" style="background: none; display: block; float: left; font-size: 11px; list-style: none; margin: 2px 10px 10px 2px; padding: 0; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; width: 84px;"><a href="http://www.kdnuggets.com/2016/09/decision-trees-disastrous-overview.html" style="border-radius: 2px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 4px #999; display: block; padding: 2px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><img src="//i.zemanta.com/375143347_80_80.jpg" style="border: 0; display: block; margin: 0; max-width: 100%; padding: 0; width: 80px;" /></a><a href="http://www.kdnuggets.com/2016/09/decision-trees-disastrous-overview.html" style="background-image: none; display: block; height: 83px; line-height: 12pt; overflow: hidden; padding: 5px 2px 0 2px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Decision Trees: A Disastrous Tutorial</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
Doug Needhamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15085213835430484008noreply@blogger.com1New York, NY, USA40.7127837 -74.00594130000001840.3275957 -74.651388300000022 41.0979717 -73.360494300000013tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956158211627284513.post-80440642653232525002016-10-27T08:08:00.000-04:002016-10-27T08:08:23.681-04:00Predictive Analytics World New York 2016 Day 2<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container zemanta-img" style="float: right; margin-right: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://commons.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Daniel_KAHNEMAN.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: clear:right;"><img alt="Daniel Kahneman" border="0" class="zemanta-img-inserted zemanta-img-configured" height="179" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/Daniel_KAHNEMAN.jpg" style="border: none; font-size: 0.8em;" width="150" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption zemanta-img-attribution" style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">Daniel Kahneman (Photo credit: <a href="http://commons.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Daniel_KAHNEMAN.jpg" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a>)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Day 2 kicked off with a bang.<br />
<br />
<br />
John Elder speaking about the way we think and perceive solving problems. <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Kahneman" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Daniel Kahneman">Daniel Kahneman</a>'s concept of System 1 thinking versus System 2 thinking applies to <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predictive_analytics" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Predictive analytics">predictive analytics</a> because many times our System 1 thinking can overwhelm our System 2 thinking.<br />
<br />
<br />
The excellent book Fast and Slow thinking by Kahneman is a great overview of these concepts.<br />
<br />
<a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dean_%28education%29" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Dean (education)">Dean</a> Abbot and Karl Rexler followed up the great kick-off with a Question and Answer session. A couple of the more interesting questions were:<br />
<br />
"How do you merge <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_analysis" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Data analysis">Analysis</a> frameworks with <a class="zem_slink" href="http://www.agileframeworks.com/" rel="homepage" target="_blank" title="Agile Frameworks">Agile Frameworks</a>?" (Answer: It's hard)<br />
<br />
and<br />
<br />
"Should <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_science" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Data science">Data Science</a> report to business units trying to solve a problem, or <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_technology" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Information technology">Information Technology</a> departments where the same resources can be shared and leveraged across the organization?" (Answer: It depends on your organization and support for Data Science.)<br />
<br />
Pasha Roberts gave an amazing overview of <a href="http://www.talentanalytics.com/" target="_blank">Talent Analytics</a> approach to understand workforce movement and flow of employees through an organization. <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agent-based_model" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Agent-based model">Agent based models</a>, <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markov_chain" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Markov chain">Markov-chains</a> and directed Graphs were the details of how to solve this problem. I was on cloud 9 it is so refreshing to hear about applications of these techniques to solving business problems. Most people I speak to about these techniques I lose quickly. :)<br />
<br />
A few more vendor presentations, and some Q&A sessions as well as talks on <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design_thinking" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Design thinking">Design thinking</a> and graph analysis of food recommendations rounded out the rest of the day.<br />
<br />
Tomorrow is more workshops. I will be attending the workshop by Dean Abbott on Ensemble Models.<br />
<br />
New York has been a great trip, it is always a great experience to spend time with professional peers that are wrestling with some of the same problems and challenges.<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="zemanta-related" style="clear: both; margin-top: 20px; overflow: hidden;">
<h4 class="zemanta-related-title">
Related articles</h4>
<ul class="zemanta-article-ul zemanta-article-ul-image" style="margin: 0; overflow: hidden; padding: 0;">
<li class="zemanta-article-ul-li-image zemanta-article-ul-li" style="background: none; display: block; float: left; font-size: 11px; list-style: none; margin: 2px 10px 10px 2px; padding: 0; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; width: 84px;"><a href="http://www.business2community.com/leadership/executives-interested-behavioural-science-01683781" style="border-radius: 2px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 4px #999; display: block; padding: 2px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><img src="//i.zemanta.com/375512626_80_80.jpg" style="border: 0; display: block; margin: 0; max-width: 100%; padding: 0; width: 80px;" /></a><a href="http://www.business2community.com/leadership/executives-interested-behavioural-science-01683781" style="background-image: none; display: block; height: 83px; line-height: 12pt; overflow: hidden; padding: 5px 2px 0 2px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Why Executives Should be Interested in Behavioural Science</a></li>
<li class="zemanta-article-ul-li-image zemanta-article-ul-li" style="background: none; display: block; float: left; font-size: 11px; list-style: none; margin: 2px 10px 10px 2px; padding: 0; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; width: 84px;"><a href="http://www.psychologicalscience.org/index.php/news/how-to-pick-the-fastest-line-at-the-supermarket.html" style="border-radius: 2px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 4px #999; display: block; padding: 2px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><img src="//i.zemanta.com/374698466_80_80.jpg" style="border: 0; display: block; margin: 0; max-width: 100%; padding: 0; width: 80px;" /></a><a href="http://www.psychologicalscience.org/index.php/news/how-to-pick-the-fastest-line-at-the-supermarket.html" style="background-image: none; display: block; height: 83px; line-height: 12pt; overflow: hidden; padding: 5px 2px 0 2px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">How to Pick the Fastest Line at the Supermarket</a></li>
<li class="zemanta-article-ul-li-image zemanta-article-ul-li" style="background: none; display: block; float: left; font-size: 11px; list-style: none; margin: 2px 10px 10px 2px; padding: 0; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; width: 84px;"><a href="https://www.farnamstreetblog.com/2016/09/human-gulibility/" style="border-radius: 2px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 4px #999; display: block; padding: 2px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><img src="//i.zemanta.com/374940780_80_80.jpg" style="border: 0; display: block; margin: 0; max-width: 100%; padding: 0; width: 80px;" /></a><a href="https://www.farnamstreetblog.com/2016/09/human-gulibility/" style="background-image: none; display: block; height: 83px; line-height: 12pt; overflow: hidden; padding: 5px 2px 0 2px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Daniel Kahneman on Human Gullibility</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
Doug Needhamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15085213835430484008noreply@blogger.com1New York, NY, USA40.7127837 -74.00594130000001840.3275957 -74.651388300000022 41.0979717 -73.360494300000013tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956158211627284513.post-55650771009051861282016-10-26T20:43:00.000-04:002016-10-26T20:43:07.851-04:00Predictive Analytics World New York 2016 - Day 1<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container zemanta-img" style="float: right; margin-right: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://commons.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CRISP_DM.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: clear:right;"><img alt="English: Phases of the CRISP-DM process França..." border="0" class="zemanta-img-inserted zemanta-img-configured" height="300" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/CRISP_DM.png/350px-CRISP_DM.png" style="border: none; font-size: 0.8em;" width="350" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption zemanta-img-attribution" style="text-align: center; width: 350px;">English: Phases of the CRISP-DM process Français : Phases du processus CRISP_DM (Photo credit: <a href="http://commons.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CRISP_DM.png" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a>)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Day 1 was exciting.<br />
<br />
<br />
Great keynote by Eric Siegel on understanding whether a discovery you have made is BS or not.<br />
<br />
(Bad Science for those of you not there.)<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Vast search introduces new considerations in working with <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predictive_modelling" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Predictive modelling">predictive models</a> in large <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_set" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Data set">data sets</a>, because, in a large enough data set almost any conditions can be found.<br />
<br />
After all, "If you torture your data long enough, it will confess to anything."<br />
<span id="goog_1944750434"></span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/"></a><span id="goog_1944750435"></span><br />
<br />
Really knowing whether any finding is valid is very important when dealing with <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_data" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Big data">big data</a>.<br />
<br />
I followed the track related to Uplift Modeling.<br />
<br />
I will need to go through Eric's book on Uplift modeling to best understand it but the examples provided in the sessions on Day 1 were enough to not only whet the appetite, but also dive in and do some experiments.<br />
<br />
I also met with the fine people at Elder research, it turns out we both worked on a very similar government project some years ago.<br />
<br />
They have done some research, and applications on the integration of <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross_Industry_Standard_Process_for_Data_Mining" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Cross Industry Standard Process for Data Mining">CRISP-DM</a> with the <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agile_software_development" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Agile software development">Agile framework</a>. This is most intriguing I have to follow up with them to learn more about how they married such different methodologies.<br />
<br />
At the end of day 1 I signed up for dinner with strangers, there were three groups of about 8 folks each who were sent to various restaurants throughout <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="New York City">New York City</a>. We had some good conversations about our individual struggles to bring <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predictive_analytics" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Predictive analytics">Predictive Analytics</a> to the masses.<br />
<br />
I made some new networking connections, and look forward to staying in touch with some really positive professionals.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="zemanta-related" style="clear: both; margin-top: 20px; overflow: hidden;">
<h4 class="zemanta-related-title">
Related articles</h4>
<ul class="zemanta-article-ul zemanta-article-ul-image" style="margin: 0; overflow: hidden; padding: 0;">
<li class="zemanta-article-ul-li-image zemanta-article-ul-li" style="background: none; display: block; float: left; font-size: 11px; list-style: none; margin: 2px 10px 10px 2px; padding: 0; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; width: 84px;"><a href="http://www.windowscentral.com/digital-offers-master-big-data-analytics-just-39" style="border-radius: 2px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 4px #999; display: block; padding: 2px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><img src="//i.zemanta.com/375496479_80_80.jpg" style="border: 0; display: block; margin: 0; max-width: 100%; padding: 0; width: 80px;" /></a><a href="http://www.windowscentral.com/digital-offers-master-big-data-analytics-just-39" style="background-image: none; display: block; height: 83px; line-height: 12pt; overflow: hidden; padding: 5px 2px 0 2px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Digital Offers: Master big data analytics for just $39</a></li>
<li class="zemanta-article-ul-li-image zemanta-article-ul-li" style="background: none; display: block; float: left; font-size: 11px; list-style: none; margin: 2px 10px 10px 2px; padding: 0; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; width: 84px;"><a href="http://www.cmswire.com/digital-marketing/datorama-secures-32m-for-ai-based-marketing-analytics/" style="border-radius: 2px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 4px #999; display: block; padding: 2px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><img src="//i.zemanta.com/375254937_80_80.jpg" style="border: 0; display: block; margin: 0; max-width: 100%; padding: 0; width: 80px;" /></a><a href="http://www.cmswire.com/digital-marketing/datorama-secures-32m-for-ai-based-marketing-analytics/" style="background-image: none; display: block; height: 83px; line-height: 12pt; overflow: hidden; padding: 5px 2px 0 2px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Datorama Secures $32M for AI-Based Marketing Analytics</a></li>
<li class="zemanta-article-ul-li-image zemanta-article-ul-li" style="background: none; display: block; float: left; font-size: 11px; list-style: none; margin: 2px 10px 10px 2px; padding: 0; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; width: 84px;"><a href="http://blog.getresponse.com/big-data-can-help-small-business.html" style="border-radius: 2px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 4px #999; display: block; padding: 2px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><img src="//i.zemanta.com/AVOkFJcv1fS01y9NpccF_80_80.jpg" style="border: 0; display: block; margin: 0; max-width: 100%; padding: 0; width: 80px;" /></a><a href="http://blog.getresponse.com/big-data-can-help-small-business.html" style="background-image: none; display: block; height: 83px; line-height: 12pt; overflow: hidden; padding: 5px 2px 0 2px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">How Big Data Can Help Small Business</a></li>
<li class="zemanta-article-ul-li-image zemanta-article-ul-li" style="background: none; display: block; float: left; font-size: 11px; list-style: none; margin: 2px 10px 10px 2px; padding: 0; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; width: 84px;"><a href="http://www.kdnuggets.com/2016/09/3-reasons-attend-paw-new-york.html" style="border-radius: 2px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 4px #999; display: block; padding: 2px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><img src="//i.zemanta.com/noimg_119_80_80.jpg" style="border: 0; display: block; margin: 0; max-width: 100%; padding: 0; width: 80px;" /></a><a href="http://www.kdnuggets.com/2016/09/3-reasons-attend-paw-new-york.html" style="background-image: none; display: block; height: 83px; line-height: 12pt; overflow: hidden; padding: 5px 2px 0 2px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">3 Reasons to Attend PAW New York</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
Doug Needhamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15085213835430484008noreply@blogger.com1New York, NY, USA40.7127837 -74.00594130000001840.3275957 -74.651388300000022 41.0979717 -73.360494300000013tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956158211627284513.post-68201076668616960882016-10-24T19:31:00.000-04:002016-10-24T19:31:37.135-04:00Predictive Analytics World New York 2016 pre-workshop<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container zemanta-img" style="float: right; margin-right: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://commons.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:AirqACP.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: clear:right;"><img alt="English: A principal Component Analysis Exampl..." border="0" class="zemanta-img-inserted zemanta-img-configured" height="348" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/AirqACP.png/350px-AirqACP.png" style="border: none; font-size: 0.8em;" width="350" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption zemanta-img-attribution" style="text-align: center; width: 350px;">English: A principal Component Analysis Example with air quality data available with R Français : Un exemple d'Analyse en Composante Pricipale avec les données de la qualité de l'air disponibles dans R (Photo credit: <a href="http://commons.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:AirqACP.png" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a>)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
I am in <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="New York City">New York City</a> attending the <a class="zem_slink" href="http://www.predictiveanalyticsworld.com/" rel="homepage" target="_blank" title="Predictive Analytics World">Predictive Analytics World</a> conference.<br />
<br />
Max Kuhn is the speaker at the first session I attended "R for <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predictive_modelling" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Predictive modelling">Predictive Modeling</a>: A hands-On Introduction".<br />
<br />
<br />
Max is a great speaker, and very knowledgeable about the topic. He has loads of experience in doing predictive modeling.<br />
<br />
<br />
Every time I attend a course like this one, I learn that there is so much more I have to learn.<br />
<br />
We covered details of topics covering <br />
<a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principal_component_analysis" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Principal component analysis">Principal component analysis</a>, <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feature_selection" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Feature selection">Feature selection</a>, <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exploratory_data_analysis" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Exploratory data analysis">exploratory data analysis</a>.<br />
<br />
Various regression capabilities.<br />
<br />
Many of the topics he covered he provided links to other blog posts, and github presentations that he has done it before.<br />
<br />
These sessions are always fascinating seeing the variety of ways in which <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predictive_analytics" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Predictive analytics">Predictive Analytics</a> is used in many different environments.<br />
<br />
I was able to speak to a few folks about the ways in which they are applying predictive analytics, and I look forward to more sessions as the conference proper kicks off tomorrow morning.<br />
<br />
<br />
Most of the tracks on my schedule for tomorrow are all around uplift modeling I look forward to learning more both about how that works, and how to apply it.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="zemanta-related" style="clear: both; margin-top: 20px; overflow: hidden;">
<h4 class="zemanta-related-title">
Related articles</h4>
<ul class="zemanta-article-ul zemanta-article-ul-image" style="margin: 0; overflow: hidden; padding: 0;">
<li class="zemanta-article-ul-li-image zemanta-article-ul-li" style="background: none; display: block; float: left; font-size: 11px; list-style: none; margin: 2px 10px 10px 2px; padding: 0; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; width: 84px;"><a href="http://www.kdnuggets.com/2016/09/3-reasons-attend-paw-new-york.html" style="border-radius: 2px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 4px #999; display: block; padding: 2px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><img src="//i.zemanta.com/noimg_119_80_80.jpg" style="border: 0; display: block; margin: 0; max-width: 100%; padding: 0; width: 80px;" /></a><a href="http://www.kdnuggets.com/2016/09/3-reasons-attend-paw-new-york.html" style="background-image: none; display: block; height: 83px; line-height: 12pt; overflow: hidden; padding: 5px 2px 0 2px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">3 Reasons to Attend PAW New York</a></li>
<li class="zemanta-article-ul-li-image zemanta-article-ul-li" style="background: none; display: block; float: left; font-size: 11px; list-style: none; margin: 2px 10px 10px 2px; padding: 0; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; width: 84px;"><a href="https://www.r-bloggers.com/data-science-live-book-scoring-model-performance-profiling-update/" style="border-radius: 2px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 4px #999; display: block; padding: 2px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><img src="//i.zemanta.com/375428043_80_80.jpg" style="border: 0; display: block; margin: 0; max-width: 100%; padding: 0; width: 80px;" /></a><a href="https://www.r-bloggers.com/data-science-live-book-scoring-model-performance-profiling-update/" style="background-image: none; display: block; height: 83px; line-height: 12pt; overflow: hidden; padding: 5px 2px 0 2px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Data Science Live Book - Scoring, Model Performance & profiling - Update!</a></li>
<li class="zemanta-article-ul-li-image zemanta-article-ul-li" style="background: none; display: block; float: left; font-size: 11px; list-style: none; margin: 2px 10px 10px 2px; padding: 0; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; width: 84px;"><a href="http://go.theregister.com/feed/www.theregister.co.uk/2016/09/15/elastic_acquires_prelert/" style="border-radius: 2px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 4px #999; display: block; padding: 2px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><img src="//i.zemanta.com/375112700_80_80.jpg" style="border: 0; display: block; margin: 0; max-width: 100%; padding: 0; width: 80px;" /></a><a href="http://go.theregister.com/feed/www.theregister.co.uk/2016/09/15/elastic_acquires_prelert/" style="background-image: none; display: block; height: 83px; line-height: 12pt; overflow: hidden; padding: 5px 2px 0 2px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Elastic acquires predictive analytics firm</a></li>
<li class="zemanta-article-ul-li-image zemanta-article-ul-li" style="background: none; display: block; float: left; font-size: 11px; list-style: none; margin: 2px 10px 10px 2px; padding: 0; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; width: 84px;"><a href="http://www.datasciencecentral.com/xn/detail/6448529:BlogPost:467844" style="border-radius: 2px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 4px #999; display: block; padding: 2px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><img src="//i.zemanta.com/noimg_126_80_80.jpg" style="border: 0; display: block; margin: 0; max-width: 100%; padding: 0; width: 80px;" /></a><a href="http://www.datasciencecentral.com/xn/detail/6448529:BlogPost:467844" style="background-image: none; display: block; height: 83px; line-height: 12pt; overflow: hidden; padding: 5px 2px 0 2px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Creating Edge Intelligence for the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
Doug Needhamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15085213835430484008noreply@blogger.com0New York, NY, USA40.7127837 -74.00594130000001840.3275957 -74.651388300000022 41.0979717 -73.360494300000013tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956158211627284513.post-4850807084337472282016-10-04T14:37:00.001-04:002016-10-07T16:00:25.210-04:00Is Analytics a Noun or a Verb? <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container zemanta-img" style="float: right; margin-right: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><div class="zemanta-img">
<a href="http://commons.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Layered_Determiner_syntax_tree.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: clear:right;"><img alt="English: The syntax tree of noun phrase "..." border="0" class="zemanta-img-inserted zemanta-img-configured" height="205" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Layered_Determiner_syntax_tree.png/350px-Layered_Determiner_syntax_tree.png" style="border: none; font-size: 0.8em;" width="350" /></a></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption zemanta-img-attribution" style="text-align: center; width: 350px;">English: The syntax tree of noun phrase "my neighbour's daughter-in-law" with layered determiner analysis. (Photo credit: <a href="http://commons.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Layered_Determiner_syntax_tree.png" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a>)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Is Analytics the name of your <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Departments_of_France" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Departments of France">department</a>, or do you actually "do" Analytics?<br />
<br />
Doing <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytics" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Analytics">analytics</a> requires you to look at your data, apply some logic, and make or support making a decision with the data.<br />
<br />
<br />
For many years I have built and maintained analytical platforms. These platforms had the core of a Business Intelligence architecture with some one-offs for the occasional "sophisticated" <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analysis" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Analysis">analysis</a> as needed. I was not specifically doing analytics during this time. I knew many of the tools and techniques that were being applied. At times, I was even the one writing the <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="SQL">SQL queries</a> to pull the data together to load into SAS for <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_model" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Statistical model">statistical modeling</a>. However, I rarely took it so far as to actually do the Analytics myself. That was not my role.<br />
<br />
Now I am in a position where I am the one doing the Analytics, and I see and recognize the impedance mismatch that occurs when I use the term analytics, versus when some people use the same term.<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1A6snPRbBN8dq8Nqf5L4reMsITc0SOng5IsniHFOzcBr0Ez4jsoCISNZuhdGU6oszhVfHtLA5RHDx1ZCokwDC4ZXHaElbp04C0MpVGzL7ouZk7CzJYeL8ERzrgfDq3nl0BQBNKPVn/s1600/YouKeepUsingThatWord.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1A6snPRbBN8dq8Nqf5L4reMsITc0SOng5IsniHFOzcBr0Ez4jsoCISNZuhdGU6oszhVfHtLA5RHDx1ZCokwDC4ZXHaElbp04C0MpVGzL7ouZk7CzJYeL8ERzrgfDq3nl0BQBNKPVn/s200/YouKeepUsingThatWord.jpg" width="200" /></a><a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_analysis" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Data analysis">Data Analytics</a> is a very overloaded term in today's environment. Yet as sophisticated as we may be in evolving from our ancestors simple things still make a big difference.<br />
<br />
<br />
Using incredibly simple definitions:<br />
A Noun is a person, place or thing.<br />
<br />
A <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verb" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Verb">Verb</a> is an action, or state of being.<br />
<br />
<br />
Analytics can be a <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noun" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Noun">noun</a>. "I am in charge of the Analytics department!"<br />
<br />
Analytics can also be a verb. "I applied Analytics to the data until it gave me the answer!"<br />
<br />
Analysis, or analytical thinking is a way of learning from and understanding the data that we have available to us in order to solve a specific problem or answer a specific question. <br />
<br />
I think how this word evolved to be a noun is that there have been times where people with <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytical_skill" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Analytical skill">analytical skills</a>(verb) were gathered together in one place. In order to have a question answered you had to go to the Analytics department (now it is a noun - place.)<br />
<br />
As this place evolved, the people doing the analysis needed support, programmers, managers, <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_manager" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Project manager">project managers</a>, special coders,etc.<br />
<br />
Now you can say you work in Analytics and mean the department. This carries some clout with it, because it sounds as if you have the skills and capabilities of those doing the analysis.<br />
<br />
Not necessarily. You may learn some valuable things, and through the natural sequence of apprenticeship you may be able to be the one "doing analytics" at some point. <br />
<br />
To me, Analytics is a Verb, and it should only be a verb. Using it in any other context is a disservice to the word.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="zemanta-related" style="clear: both; margin-top: 20px; overflow: hidden;">
<h4 class="zemanta-related-title">
Related articles</h4>
<ul class="zemanta-article-ul zemanta-article-ul-image" style="margin: 0; overflow: hidden; padding: 0;">
<li class="zemanta-article-ul-li-image zemanta-article-ul-li" style="background: none; display: block; float: left; font-size: 11px; list-style: none; margin: 2px 10px 10px 2px; padding: 0; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; width: 84px;"><a href="http://insidehpc.com/2016/09/co-design-data-analytics-machine-learning/" style="border-radius: 2px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 4px #999; display: block; padding: 2px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><img src="//i.zemanta.com/375123029_80_80.jpg" style="border: 0; display: block; margin: 0; max-width: 100%; padding: 0; width: 80px;" /></a><a href="http://insidehpc.com/2016/09/co-design-data-analytics-machine-learning/" style="background-image: none; display: block; height: 83px; line-height: 12pt; overflow: hidden; padding: 5px 2px 0 2px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Co-design for Data Analytics And Machine Learning</a></li>
<li class="zemanta-article-ul-li-image zemanta-article-ul-li" style="background: none; display: block; float: left; font-size: 11px; list-style: none; margin: 2px 10px 10px 2px; padding: 0; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; width: 84px;"><a href="http://www.coloradotech.edu/resources/blogs/june-2014/heroically-big-data" style="border-radius: 2px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 4px #999; display: block; padding: 2px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><img src="//i.zemanta.com/AUzbMjXqFktjea1s4Jzf_80_80.jpg" style="border: 0; display: block; margin: 0; max-width: 100%; padding: 0; width: 80px;" /></a><a href="http://www.coloradotech.edu/resources/blogs/june-2014/heroically-big-data" style="background-image: none; display: block; height: 83px; line-height: 12pt; overflow: hidden; padding: 5px 2px 0 2px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Big Data Career Opportunities</a></li>
<li class="zemanta-article-ul-li-image zemanta-article-ul-li" style="background: none; display: block; float: left; font-size: 11px; list-style: none; margin: 2px 10px 10px 2px; padding: 0; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; width: 84px;"><a href="http://www.coloradotech.edu/resources/blogs/february-2016/business-analytics-vs-data-analytics-what-you-need-to-learn" style="border-radius: 2px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 4px #999; display: block; padding: 2px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><img src="//i.zemanta.com/AVSqaiesjkhatVbrLMWc_80_80.jpg" style="border: 0; display: block; margin: 0; max-width: 100%; padding: 0; width: 80px;" /></a><a href="http://www.coloradotech.edu/resources/blogs/february-2016/business-analytics-vs-data-analytics-what-you-need-to-learn" style="background-image: none; display: block; height: 83px; line-height: 12pt; overflow: hidden; padding: 5px 2px 0 2px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Business Analytics vs. Data Analytics: What You Need to Know</a></li>
<li class="zemanta-article-ul-li-image zemanta-article-ul-li" style="background: none; display: block; float: left; font-size: 11px; list-style: none; margin: 2px 10px 10px 2px; padding: 0; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; width: 84px;"><a href="https://99designs.co.uk/brand-identity-pack/contests/big-data-analytical-firm-wanting-professional-logo-657532" style="border-radius: 2px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 4px #999; display: block; padding: 2px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><img src="//i.zemanta.com/375221403_80_80.jpg" style="border: 0; display: block; margin: 0; max-width: 100%; padding: 0; width: 80px;" /></a><a href="https://99designs.co.uk/brand-identity-pack/contests/big-data-analytical-firm-wanting-professional-logo-657532" style="background-image: none; display: block; height: 83px; line-height: 12pt; overflow: hidden; padding: 5px 2px 0 2px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Big Data Analytical firm wanting a professional logo</a></li>
<li class="zemanta-article-ul-li-image zemanta-article-ul-li" style="background: none; display: block; float: left; font-size: 11px; list-style: none; margin: 2px 10px 10px 2px; padding: 0; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; width: 84px;"><a href="http://www.kdnuggets.com/2016/09/informs-associate-cap-certification.html" style="border-radius: 2px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 4px #999; display: block; padding: 2px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><img src="//i.zemanta.com/noimg_36_80_80.jpg" style="border: 0; display: block; margin: 0; max-width: 100%; padding: 0; width: 80px;" /></a><a href="http://www.kdnuggets.com/2016/09/informs-associate-cap-certification.html" style="background-image: none; display: block; height: 83px; line-height: 12pt; overflow: hidden; padding: 5px 2px 0 2px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">INFORMS New Associate CAP Certification</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
Doug Needhamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15085213835430484008noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956158211627284513.post-74996910845869785582016-09-23T21:09:00.001-04:002016-09-23T21:09:14.033-04:00The Little Data Science Checklist<div class="zemanta-img" style="text-align: right;">
</div>
<br />
<div class="zemanta-img" style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<a href="http://commons.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Linear_regression.svg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="English: Random data points and their linear r..." border="0" class="zemanta-img-inserted zemanta-img-configured" height="132" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Linear_regression.svg/350px-Linear_regression.svg.png" style="border: medium none; font-size: 0.8em;" width="200" /></a>There are lots of sources online and in book stores that will teach a person how to do <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_learning" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Machine learning">Machine Learning</a>, <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regression_analysis" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Regression analysis">Regression</a>, <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_analysis" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Content analysis">Text analysis</a>, or any other fascinating topic related to <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_science" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Data science">Data Science</a>.<br />
<br />
But is that all there is?<br />
<br />
Just know apply an algorithm, and you improve the bottom line of your company?<br />
<br />
What if you need to justify a project? How do you demonstrate that there is a process that can be followed for data science?<br />
<br />
Recently with some colleagues we were discussing this precise topic.<br />
<br />
Here is the answer that we came up with:<br />
<br />
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:AllowPNG/>
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
</xml><![endif]--><br />
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves>false</w:TrackMoves>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/>
<w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/>
<w:OverrideTableStyleHps/>
</w:Compatibility>
<w:DoNotOptimizeForBrowser/>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="false"
DefSemiHidden="false" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="372">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footer"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of figures"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope return"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="line number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="page number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of authorities"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="macro"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="toa heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Mention"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-right:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0in;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Cambria",serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
<br />
<div class="Compact">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Question: </span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">
</span><br />
<div class="Compact">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"> What is the
question?</span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">
</span><br />
<div class="Compact">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"> Who asked the
question?</span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">
</span><br />
<div class="Compact">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"> When do they
want it? </span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">
</span><br />
<div class="Compact">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"> How does it
provide business value?</span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">
</span><br />
<div class="Compact">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Hypothesis:</span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">
</span><br />
<div class="Compact">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"> Validation
Criteria</span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">
</span><br />
<div class="Compact">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"> Identify the
data</span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">
</span><br />
<div class="Compact">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"> Collect the
data</span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">
</span><br />
<div class="Compact">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"> Transform,
Merge, Munge</span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">
</span><br />
<div class="Compact">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"> Analyze and
explore</span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">
</span><br />
<div class="Compact">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"> Iterate</span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">
</span><br />
<div class="Compact">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"> Peer Review</span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">
</span><br />
<div class="Compact">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"> Visualize and
Communicate</span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">
</span><br />
<div class="Compact">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"> Generate new directions.</span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">
</span><br />
<div class="Compact">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"> Produce
Finding</span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">
</span><br />
<div class="Compact">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Finding:</span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">
</span><br />
<div class="Compact">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"> TRUE</span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">
</span><br />
<div class="Compact">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"> FALSE</span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">
</span><br />
<div class="Compact">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"> Inconclusive</span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">
</span><br />
<div class="Compact">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"> Experiment
Required</span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">
</span><br />
<div class="Compact">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Supporting Data:</span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">
</span><br />
<div class="Compact">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"> Raw Data</span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">
</span><br />
<div class="Compact">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"> Chart</span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">
<span style="font-family: "cambria" , serif;"> Visualization</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "cambria" , serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">I will pick a section and write more about each of these sections, but this little checklist is a beginning step in applying a Data Science process for an Enterprise. </span></span></span><br />
<br />
<div class="zemanta-related" style="clear: both; margin-top: 20px; overflow: hidden;">
<h4 class="zemanta-related-title">
Related articles</h4>
<ul class="zemanta-article-ul zemanta-article-ul-image" style="margin: 0; overflow: hidden; padding: 0;">
<li class="zemanta-article-ul-li-image zemanta-article-ul-li" style="background: none; display: block; float: left; font-size: 11px; list-style: none; margin: 2px 10px 10px 2px; padding: 0; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; width: 84px;"><a href="http://ekonometrics.blogspot.com/2016/09/data-science-101-now-online.html" style="border-radius: 2px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 4px #999; display: block; padding: 2px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><img src="//i.zemanta.com/375046202_80_80.jpg" style="border: 0; display: block; margin: 0; max-width: 100%; padding: 0; width: 80px;" /></a><a href="http://ekonometrics.blogspot.com/2016/09/data-science-101-now-online.html" style="background-image: none; display: block; height: 83px; line-height: 12pt; overflow: hidden; padding: 5px 2px 0 2px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Data Science 101, now online</a></li>
<li class="zemanta-article-ul-li-image zemanta-article-ul-li" style="background: none; display: block; float: left; font-size: 11px; list-style: none; margin: 2px 10px 10px 2px; padding: 0; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; width: 84px;"><a href="http://www.datasciencecentral.com/xn/detail/6448529:BlogPost:466636" style="border-radius: 2px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 4px #999; display: block; padding: 2px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><img src="//i.zemanta.com/374839104_80_80.jpg" style="border: 0; display: block; margin: 0; max-width: 100%; padding: 0; width: 80px;" /></a><a href="http://www.datasciencecentral.com/xn/detail/6448529:BlogPost:466636" style="background-image: none; display: block; height: 83px; line-height: 12pt; overflow: hidden; padding: 5px 2px 0 2px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Going Deeper into Regression Analysis with Assumptions, Plots & Solutions</a></li>
<li class="zemanta-article-ul-li-image zemanta-article-ul-li" style="background: none; display: block; float: left; font-size: 11px; list-style: none; margin: 2px 10px 10px 2px; padding: 0; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; width: 84px;"><a href="http://edusavecoupon.net/deep-learning-prerequisites-linear-regression-in-python/" style="border-radius: 2px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 4px #999; display: block; padding: 2px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><img src="//i.zemanta.com/AVbKg2B6G5i45WUYNe5M_80_80.jpg" style="border: 0; display: block; margin: 0; max-width: 100%; padding: 0; width: 80px;" /></a><a href="http://edusavecoupon.net/deep-learning-prerequisites-linear-regression-in-python/" style="background-image: none; display: block; height: 83px; line-height: 12pt; overflow: hidden; padding: 5px 2px 0 2px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Deep Learning Prerequisites: Linear Regression in Python - education save coupon</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
Doug Needhamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15085213835430484008noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956158211627284513.post-20595600407127473252016-09-11T18:11:00.000-04:002016-09-11T18:11:27.498-04:00The travelling introvert. <div class="zemanta-img" style="text-align: right;">
<a href="http://commons.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:United_Airlines_aircraft_taking_off_at_Schiphol_Airport.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="United Airlines Boeing 777–200 taking off at A..." border="0" class="zemanta-img-inserted zemanta-img-configured" height="209" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/United_Airlines_aircraft_taking_off_at_Schiphol_Airport.jpg/350px-United_Airlines_aircraft_taking_off_at_Schiphol_Airport.jpg" style="border: medium none; font-size: 0.8em;" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="zemanta-img" style="text-align: right;">
</div>
On occasion I get to travel for work.<br />
<br />
There is a commercial by courtyard where part of the the tag line is: "Some people have to travel for work, some people get to travel for work."<br />
<br />
I am most certainly in the latter category.<br />
<br />I think one of the things that makes <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travel" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Travel">traveling</a> as an introvert interesting is we do tend to pay attention to our surroundings a little better than others. Especially when I travel alone.<br />
<br />
In her <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Quiet-Power-Introverts-World-Talking/dp/0307352153" target="_blank">book</a> <a class="zem_slink" href="http://twitter.com/susancain" rel="twitter" target="_blank" title="Susan Cain">Susan Cain</a> describes the physiological differentiation from an <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extraversion_and_introversion" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Extraversion and introversion">Extrovert</a> and Introvert. The Introvert can be hyper stimulated by their environment. This stimulation can be managed through training, but at times it can overwhelm those who don't know how to handle it.<br />
<br />
Recently I had a chance to travel to <a class="zem_slink" href="http://www.cityofboston.gov/" rel="homepage" target="_blank" title="Boston">Boston</a> for work. I wrote this little snippet on my <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Facebook_features" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="List of Facebook features">Facebook page</a> about a little girl I encountered during my layover:<br />
<br />
Walking through this long terminal looking for my next gate, bumping
into people and trying not to walk on people's feet it's hard to
actually notice any individuals. But then I heard it.<br />
<br />
I had to look around through the throngs of people to find her, but I was able to zero in on her song.<br />
<br />
She was about 2, wearing a <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wonder_Woman" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Wonder Woman">Wonder Woman</a> shirt dragging a suitcase that was <span class="text_exposed_show">as big as her while holding mom's hand.</span><br />
<br />
<div class="text_exposed_show">
"Just keep swimming, just keep swimming", she sang. <br />
"That's right", the Mom told her "we have a ways to go."<br />
I almost started singing it back to her. <br />
Made my day.<br />
<br />
All of my children are grown, and when <a class="zem_slink" href="http://www.amazon.com/Finding-Nemo/dp/B00007KGCW%3FSubscriptionId%3D0G81C5DAZ03ZR9WH9X82%26tag%3Dzem-20%26linkCode%3Dxm2%26camp%3D2025%26creative%3D165953%26creativeASIN%3DB00007KGCW" rel="amazon" target="_blank" title="Finding Nemo">Finding Nemo</a> came out they were all teenagers. But I can imagine when my kids where younger getting them to sing this song just to keep them occupied during long treks to wherever we needed to go.<br />
<br />
There was one other little side jaunt that I was able to make during my short trip for work.<br />
<br />
There is no need for a car when I stay in Boston, since my office is quite close to my hotel. However, I needed to get from <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logan_International_Airport" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Logan International Airport">Logan airport</a> to my hotel.<br />
<br />
There is a water taxi service.<br />
<br />
It has a very reasonable rate, and you can travel across <a class="zem_slink" href="http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=42.3416666667,-70.9661111111&spn=0.01,0.01&q=42.3416666667,-70.9661111111%20(Boston%20Harbor)&t=h" rel="geolocation" target="_blank" title="Boston Harbor">Boston Harbor</a>. I had heard about it from a coworker and thought I would try if I got the chance.<br />
<br />
This trip, I got the chance.<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvNK28lkLHkCbDE6QozgHmAMLeZn_uiXGO-K0MO5FmsoA1pNyOk7S6TC4E7CdQSNlW_P-FVTqHKtRGIxIuulZyESLbs6vUYVdkxxFYX2FeI6cQ8YUecjizaoJWzgWiIQFl37dV7_XT/s1600/BostonHarbor.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvNK28lkLHkCbDE6QozgHmAMLeZn_uiXGO-K0MO5FmsoA1pNyOk7S6TC4E7CdQSNlW_P-FVTqHKtRGIxIuulZyESLbs6vUYVdkxxFYX2FeI6cQ8YUecjizaoJWzgWiIQFl37dV7_XT/s320/BostonHarbor.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Boston Harbor at sunset</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Follow the signs in Logan for the water taxi till you reach the pier.<br />
<br />
<br />
Then use the microphone to notify the taxi service what location you are at.<br />
<br />
The short ride across the harbor at sunset was magnificent.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The photos I took of the excursion on the water do not do it justice.<br />
<br />
To my fellow introverts, I encourage you to try something slightly new the next time you travel. If you have to be uncomfortable for a period of time stepping out of your comfort zone, find something interesting at your travel destination that won't take any time away from your travel objective, and try something new.<br />
<br />
Remember, Life is what happens while you are making other plans.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
</div>
<br />
<br />
<br />Doug Needhamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15085213835430484008noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956158211627284513.post-13056866350124391252016-08-23T09:53:00.003-04:002016-08-23T09:53:43.090-04:00The data guy deals with hardware issues. <div class="zemanta-img" style="text-align: right;">
</div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container zemanta-img" style="float: right; margin-right: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://commons.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fedora-logo.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: clear:right;"><img alt="Fedora logo" border="0" class="zemanta-img-inserted zemanta-img-configured" height="124" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/Fedora-logo.png" style="border: none; font-size: 0.8em;" width="120" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption zemanta-img-attribution" style="text-align: center; width: 120px;">Fedora logo (Photo credit: <a href="http://commons.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fedora-logo.png" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a>)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2>
Remember how to do this?</h2>
Since moving into our new house, I had a few other priorities to deal with before getting my personal computing equipment in order.<br />
<br />
Before the days of "the cloud" if you wanted to do an coding, or data analysis you needed to have a place to put the data you need to analyze, and it had to have a decent amount of memory and processing power in order to do any kind of analysis on data larger than just a few meg.<br />
<br />
I had bought a tower some years ago, I used it during some of my consulting projects, as well as some of my personal research (research I should have pursued further, but now apache parquet negates).<br />
<br />
It may not be comparable to an EC2 machine, but it gets the job done for me. 1Tb, 4Gig memory, quad CPU. It has been in storage in a box since we moved away from Maryland (3 years ago).<br />
<br />
I dusted it off, set it up, brought out its monitor and fired it up.<br />
<br />
"It's alive!"<br />
<br />
Yay. I have a tower again! (or so I thought).<br />
<br />
I connected it to my router, and decided that since this was running like Fedora 12, and the current version of Fedora is 24. Well in order to do that, I need to download the live disk.<br />
<div class="zemanta-img" style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<br />
After getting DVDR's to write the ISO image onto, I realized something.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator zemanta-img" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
I could use the live CD to test my laptop.<br />
<br />
<rabbit hole><br />
<br />
My personal laptop died shortly after the move, it has been sitting idly in my office for some time. I had been hoping to replace it, but there are always issues that come up that have a higher priority.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Laptop-harddrive-connector.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Laptop-harddrive-connector" border="0" class="zemanta-img-inserted zemanta-img-configured" height="150" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/Laptop-harddrive-connector.jpg/350px-Laptop-harddrive-connector.jpg" style="border: medium none; font-size: 0.8em;" width="200" /></a></div>
I built a VM on my current machine, and ran the disk checks on the Fedora DVD to make sure it had burned correctly. Then I put it in my personal laptop.<br />
<br />
Fedora Lives!<br />
<br />
Ok, so now that means that the harddrive in my laptop is gone. So I found a replacement and ordered that.<br />
<br />
</rabbit hole><br />
<br />
Now back to the tower. I wanted to get my data off the tower, so I copied everything off.<br />
<br />
Bam, machine died.<br />
<br />
WTH?<br />
<br />
I mounded a local disk, and copied off everything I needed, then did the Fedora install.<br />
<br />
Fedora, up and running!<br />
<br />
Bam, machine died.<br />
<br />
Ok, let's check some stuff.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://commons.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DIMM_DDR3_1600_low_voltage_IMGP6412_wp.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="Deutsch: Kingston KHX1600c9d3l" border="0" class="zemanta-img-inserted zemanta-img-configured" height="156" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/DIMM_DDR3_1600_low_voltage_IMGP6412_wp.jpg/350px-DIMM_DDR3_1600_low_voltage_IMGP6412_wp.jpg" style="border: medium none; font-size: 0.8em;" width="200" /></a>I tested the memory, and during the test.<br />
<br />
Bam, machine died.<br />
<br />
Ok, so this machine needs new memory.<br />
<br />
Off to Best Buy to get new memory.<br />
<br />
While I was at Best Buy, I saw that they also had ddr3 laptop memory. Since I have to replace the hard drive for my laptop, why not do a memory upgrade?<br />
<br />
I got the ddr3 for the tower and the laptop, then replaced the memory in the tower.<br />
<br />
Reboot?<br />
<br />Tada!<br />
It's Alive!<br />
<br />
Now I can do a Yum update since the machine will be up for a while.<br />
<br />
Yum is being deprecated in favor of a tool called DNF.<br />
<br />
So DNF Update it is.<br />
<br />
Once current, then I need to set this up as a non-gui machine. This is called initlevel 3 in prior versions of Fedora/Red Hat.<br />
<br />
Now there is a new tool called systemctl. In order to switch over to more of a server configuration the command is:<br />
<br />
<br />
<pre>systemctl isolate multi-user.target </pre>
<br />
Ok, the Tower is now in good shape, so when my laptop harddrive arrived I replaced the hard drive, and added the new 8Gig stick, then installed Fedora.<br />
<br />
Up and running after install, the laptop locks up periodically after a few minutes.<br />
<br />
Nothing will launch, and it even loses connectivity.<br />
<br />
WTH?<br />
<br />
I started to lose faith in Fedora, and try Ubuntu. When Ubuntu live booted, it had memtest86+ on the initial screen. I ran the memory test, and it immediately rebooted.<br />
<br />
Let's try that again.<br />
<br />
Same result.<br />
<br />
Let's assume the memory is bad, and put the old memory back in.<br />
<br />
Memory test again?<br />
Success!<br />
<br />
Now I have Fedora running on my laptop and Tower.<br />
<br />
I will be going through migrating some of my R code now onto these machines.<br />
<br />
While I am familiar with troubleshooting hardware issues, I am glad this is not something that I do on a daily basis.<br />
<br />
It seems like this can be a constant rabbit hole in that, when you uncover one problem, often it exposes a new one.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />Doug Needhamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15085213835430484008noreply@blogger.com0